【摘要】 综述了雾霾发生期间大气气溶胶的化学组成、性质和溯源研究进展。从无机化学视角分析了二次无机气溶胶的形成反应和形成过程,认为大气中含有的二氧化硫和一氧化氮在光照射、氧气、水分和催化剂存在下发生氧化反应和水合反应生成含有硫酸、硝酸和亚硝基硫酸的酸雾,然后与大气中含有的氨、钙、铝和铁的化合物反应生成无机复盐;当大气温度和湿度变化时就析出含大量结晶水的无机复盐,成为灰霾的主要组分,无机复盐结晶体积膨胀导致太阳光的散射;还提出了清除二次无机气溶胶的途径和方法。建议加强重金属对雾霾形成催化作用的研究;建议加强对环境友好的光催化清除雾霾方法的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The chemical composition,characteristics and research progress of tracing to the source of aerosols in the atmosphere in fog-haze days were reviewed.Formation reaction and process of inorganic secondary aerosols in the atmosphere was analyzed from the perspective of inorganic chemistry.It was proposed that SO2 and NO in the atmosphere was oxidized and hydrated to fog containing sulfuric acid,nitric acid and nitrosylsulfuric acid in the present of sun light,oxygen,water and catalysts.These acids then reacted with the compounds of ammonia,Ca,Al,and Fe to produce inorganic salt complex.When atmospheric temperature and humidity was changed,inorganic salt complexes with a quantity of crystal waters were precipitated and became the main compositions of fog-haze.The volume expansion of inorganic salt complex crystals resulted in sun light scattering.The routine and methods to remove secondary inorganic secondary aerosol were proposed.It was suggested to strengthen the study on heavy metal′s catalysis effect on haze formation.The research on environmentally friendly photocatalysis methods to remove haze should be also strengthened.更多还原