【摘要】 共轴直升机是一类上下双桨排列的旋翼型飞行器,其结构紧凑、纵向尺寸较小,拥有垂直起降、定点悬停及狭隘空间避障飞行等特点。首先,梳理了共轴直升机操纵机构的发展现状,飞控机构设计从单一机构到智能化方向逐渐演变;然后,详细介绍了近年来微小型共轴直升机的发展情况,飞行器的微小型化一直是研究重点;最后,从最优化总体设计、动力与能源、低雷诺数环境空气动力学特性、动力学模型的建立、飞行控制等方面对微小型共轴直升机的关键技术做了简要分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The coaxial helicopter is a kind of rotary-wing aircraft with upper and lower blades arrangement. Different from fixed-wing and flapping wing aircraft,it has compact structure and small longitudinal size,with characteristics of vertical takeoff and landing,fixed-point hovering and narrow space obstacle avoidance flight. Firstly,the development and status of coaxial helicopter control mechanism are summarized. The design of flight control mechanism has evolved from single mechanism to intellectualization. Then,the development of micro coaxial helicopter in recent years is introduced in detail. The direction of miniaturization of aircraft has always been the focus of research. Finally,the key technologies of miniature coaxial helicopter are briefly analyzed from the aspects of optimum overall design,power and energy,aerodynamic characteristics of low Reynolds Number environment,establishment of dynamic model and flight control.更多还原