【摘要】 在人为活动干扰较为强烈的农林复合生态系统中,开展不同营林措施对林下层植物多样性和群落结构的影响研究,对于解决大尺度林下生境保护与小面积森林经营的矛盾问题具有重要的参考意义,也符合林区的现实需求。本研究针对东北国有林区的典型性和特殊性,于2013—2015年夏季调查了小兴安岭3种主要营林措施（割灌抚育、采伐和林下种植）对森林下层植物群落物种组成、结构特征、物种多样性及林下层生物量的影响。结果表明:草本层物种更容易受到人类管理活动的影响,其物种组成的变化大于灌木层的变化;3种经营措施都会降低灌草层盖度,种植样地灌草层高度和盖度下降最显著,相比对照组,其灌木和草本层盖度分别降了40%和54%;割灌时间越久,灌木层高度越高;3种经营措施均降低了物种多样性,其中种植作业的干扰最强烈,种植措施对灌木层的破坏高于草本层;生物量从高到低排序依次为2010年割灌样地、对照样地、采伐样地和种植样地,其值分别为2.1、2、1和0.4 kg?m^-2。本研究发现割灌抚育、采伐、林下种植等措施对森林下层植物组成、群落结构特征、物种多样性等方面均有不同程度的影响,整体而言,种植方式的干扰最为强烈。更多还原

【Abstract】 In a human-dominated agriculture-forestry cross-over zone, exploring the effects of different management on plant diversity and vegetation structures in understory of forests has great theoretical and practical significance for the forest area. And we hope to relieve the conflict between small-scale human management and large-scale habitat conservation by this study. Focusing on the typicality and particularity of the forests in northeast China, this study investigated the influences of different management types on the understory plants. Plant investigations were performed in summer from 2013 to 2015, to study the effects of three different management types(cut-shrub tending, selective cutting and understory planting) on species composition, vegetation structure, species diversity and above ground biomass of understory in the Lesser Xing’an Mountains, Northeastern China. Results showed that: The species composition changes were found to be greater in herb layer rather than that of shrub layer, indicating that herb was more vulnerable to the impact of human activities; All three management measures were able to reduce the plant coverage, and the most significant plant coverage reduction was found in planting plots. Compared with the control group, the coverage of shrub and herb layers were reduced 40% and 54% in planting plots, respectively. We found that in the cut-shrub tending plots, the shrub height was on the rise with time elapsing; Meantime, results indicated that management measures made the species diversity lower. Although all measures reduced the species diversity, the strongest interference was planting, which caused more intense destruction of shrub layer than herb layer; In terms of biomass, to sort the results followed by the cut-shrub tending in 2010, the control group, the selective cutting group and the understory planting group, with the values of 2.1, 2, 1 and 0.4 kg?m-2, respectively. Our results showed that management types strongly impact community composition, vegetation structure and species diversity of the understory. On the whole, the understory planting has the strongest interference.更多还原