Oxidation,reduction and methylation of arsenic in paddy soil are the key factors regulating transportation,transformation,and crop uptake of the element. Flooding is a common farming practice in rice cultivation,forming an anaerobic environment in the paddy soil,which not only affects the biochemical behavior of arsenic significantly,but also is often associated with enhanced uptake of arsenic by rice,thus further posing a health risk to those who consume rice as staple food. Studies in the past focused mai...