【摘要】 以设施菜田土壤为材料,利用Robot自动培养系统研究了有机肥施用和水分变化对N₂O排放和氮素气态损失的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥并灌水后显著增加了设施土壤N₂O和N₂的产生（P<0.05）,培养一周时N₂O和N₂的排放系数分别为2.23%和14.7%,且N₂O和N₂产生速率均与土壤孔隙含水量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.0001）。有机肥施用显著增加了土壤CO₂产生速率和O₂的消耗,且土壤呼吸速率与氮素气态（N₂O+N₂）产生速率呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.001）。N₂O产物比在有机肥施用后显著增加,土壤水分含量和有机肥均对N₂O产物比有极显著影响,且二者对N₂O产物比有交互效应（P<0.001）。由相对气体扩散系数（RD）和N₂的产生速率,可以初步判定在施用有机肥并灌水的3天内,土壤反硝化作用过程是N₂O排放和氮素气态损失的主导途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 A typical greenhouse vegetable soil in Shouguang was selected to study the effects of manure application and irrigation on N₂ O emission and nitrogenous gas losses by using Robot incubation system. The results showed as follows: Compared to control treatment, the production amount of N₂ O and N₂ significantly（P < 0.05） increased after manure application and irrigation. The emission coefficient of N₂ O and N₂ was, respectively, 2.23% and 14.7% for one week of incubation. Significant positive correlation（P < 0.01） were observed between soil water-filled pore space（WFPS） and N₂ O and N₂ production rates in manure-amended soils. Manure application significantly increased soil CO₂ production and O₂ consumption. There was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration rate and the production rate of N₂ O+N₂（P < 0.001）. The N₂ O production ratio significantly increased in the manure-amended soil and was affected by both soil moisture and manure addition. A significant interaction was also observed between N₂ O production ratio and soil moisture and manure application（P < 0.001）. In conclusion, manure application significantly increased N₂ O production and nitrogenous gas losses, especially N₂ emissions, in the greenhouse vegetable soil. Based on relative gas diffusivity（RD） and N₂ production rate, this study concluded that denitrification was dominant pathway for N₂ O emissions and nitrogenous gas losses within the first 3 days after manure application and irrigation.Consequently, reduction of the gaseous N losses in this critical period of N₂ O emissions, through reasonable water and fertilizer management measures, is of great significance to improve the efficient utilization of the resources.更多还原