【摘要】 虽然明末卫所已经明显出现了"民化"趋势,但由军管型行政区转化为府州县制,还是在清代最终得以完成的。清初直隶地方的卫所分布广、类型多,变革最有代表性。清廷分区域、分时段、分类型,由内而外地变革卫所,完成了由卫所制向府州县制的平稳过渡,其实施政策包括:改"卫军"为"屯丁",永不勾补,将上交赋税的数量、收缴方式和对地区人口管理的方法与州县相统一,调遣裁撤各级军官,将卫所主要管理权交给地方文官管理,保留卫所边卫、城守、漕运等关键职能,逐步取消世袭豪强的特权等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although garrison had appeared civilian trend in the late Ming Dynasty already,it turn from military control administrative district to the House,state and county system finished in Qing Dynasty.Zhili’s garrisons are widely distributed.They have many types and could be very representative.According to different regionals,kinds and the times of the garrisons,Qing court enacted a major reform from the inside out.They reformed smoothly from the garrison system to the House,state and county system.They transformed Guards to Tun Ding,and never supplemented a new one.They asked the garrisons to pay the same tax in the same way as common people.They used the same way to control the guards and civilians.They cut military officers and give their management to the local government officials.They kept the garrisons’ key functions of guarding the border,cities and canal transportation.They canceled the hereditary peerages’ privilege.更多还原