【摘要】 花粉活力和萌发能力对文冠果杂交育种至关重要。为优化文冠果花粉离体萌发培养基,开展了正交试验研究蔗糖(200,150,100g·L-1)、硼酸(0.05,0.10,0.20g·L-1)、硝酸钙(0.00,0.25,0.50g·L-1)和pH值(6.0,6.5,7.0)对文冠果花粉离体萌发的影响;培养基优化后,通过配对样本T检验分析不同温度贮藏(7d)的文冠果花粉经再水合与未水合2种处理其花粉萌发力的差异;通过多重比较分析文冠果不同类型花粉的萌发能力;测定不同温度条件贮藏的文冠果花粉离体萌发率随时间的动态变化。试验结果表明:文冠果新鲜花粉在蔗糖浓度为150g·L-1,硼酸浓度为0.1g·L-1,琼脂浓度为9g·L-1,pH值为6.5的培养基上,萌发率高达91.08%;不同温度贮藏的花粉在室温(25℃)条件经4h再水合处理能极显著地恢复其真实的萌发率,与未水合处理的花粉萌发率的差异达到极显著水平;文冠果不同类型花粉萌发率的排列次序为LY>SY>LR>FS,LY型花粉萌发率最高(91.08%),FS类型花粉的萌发率极低,仅为3.25%;-80℃超低温贮藏对文冠果花粉萌发率的保持最好,贮藏30d时生活力才有明显下降,萌发率为85.75%,1a后仍有近50%的萌发率;-20℃贮藏次之,7d后萌发率就有明显下降,萌发率为86.34%,1a后萌发率为42.91%;4℃贮藏再次,7d后萌发率为80.92%,1a后萌发率为24.35%,下降迅速;常温25℃条件花粉保存7d,萌发率为64.75%,保存15d时萌发率为2.83%,基本上失去了生活力。此研究可为文冠果花粉活力检测提供一种可靠方法并为花粉贮藏提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pollen viability and its germination capability for Xanthoceras sorbifolia cross breeding are essential. To optimize the pollen in vitro germination medium of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, the orthogonal test was carried out with culture media containing different compositions including diverse levels of sucrose(200,150,100 g·L-1), boric acid(0.05,0.10,0.20 g·L-1), calcium nitrate(0.00,0.25,0.50 g·L-1) and pH(6.0,6.5,7.0). Following optimization of the best medium, the difference of germination capacity between rehydration and non-hydration of the pollen stored at different temperatures(7 d) was analyzed by paired sample T test and the germination percentage of different types pollen of Xanthoceras sorbifolia was compared by multiple comparisons. Finally, the in vitro germination rates of Xanthoceras sorbifolia pollen stored at different temperatures and times were determined using optimized medium. The results indicated that: In vitro germination rate of fresh pollen was up to 91.08% when placed in the optimal medium containing 150 g·L-1 sucrose, 0.1 g·L-1 boric acid, 9 g·L-1 agar and pH 6.5. The controlled rehydration at 25℃ for 4 hours of the pollens stored at different temperatures before sowed in the germination medium was vital to determine accurate germination rates, and the difference of pollen germination rates between rehydration and non-hydration reached significant level at 0.01. The germination rate order of different types pollen of Xanthoceras sorbifolia was LY>SY>LR>FS. LY demonstrated the highest pollen germination rate(91.08%) and the pollen germination rate of FS was very low, only 3.25%. The cryopreservation(-80℃) of pollen was the most efficient, and the pollen germination rate began to decline significantly from 91.08% to 85.75%for 30 days, and the germination rate for 1 year’s storage was still nearly 50%.-20℃ was less suitable temperature than -80℃ for pollen storage, the pollen germination rate had obvious drop for 7 days’ storage to 86.34% and the germination rate was42.91% after 1 year’s storage. The pollen stored at 4℃ for 7 days had the ability to germinate at 80.92%, and for 1 year’s storage the pollen germination capacity was reduced to 24.35%.The pollen stored at 25℃ for 7 days had a germination rate of about 64.75%, and lost viability basically after 15 days’ storage(2.83%). These results proposed a reliable germination testing system for Xanthoceras sorbifolia pollen and provided a reference for pollen storage.更多还原