【摘要】 以不同类型百合的花粉为研究对象,探讨不同品种百合花粉萌发的特点以及不同类型百合花粉的萌发是否具有一定的规律性,旨在为百合杂交育种中父本材料的选择以及授粉方法的改良提供依据。以百合5个类型共43个品种的花粉为材料,利用离体萌发法,探讨不同品种百合花粉萌发活力,筛选适用于大部分品种的最佳培养基,结果表明,在蔗糖100g·L^-1、硼酸20mg·L^-1、琼脂10g·L^-1的固体培养基上可以较好地萌发。大多数百合品种都能在12h内达到最大萌发率,也有少数品种在24h还处于萌发状态。百合会因自身遗传特性导致萌发率不同,其中,TR类百合总体萌发活力最强,平均萌发率80.98%;LA类百合萌发率最低,平均为13.49%;OT类、A类和AT类萌发率居中,分别为49.06%,46.05%和50.06%。百合花粉管自身寿命也存在明显差异,在43个百合品种中,发现有18个品种在培养后期花粉萌发率明显下降,这主要是由于培养后期花粉管自身破裂所导致的。因此,在进行杂交育种的过程中,可根据育种目的有针对性地选择父本材料,其中,TR类百合是非常好的父本材料;其他萌发率低于50%的资源做父本时可加大授粉量、采取二次授粉或切割花柱等方式提高授粉成功率;本试验中花粉不能萌发的资源建议不做父本应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 We studied the characteristics and regularities of lily pollen germination of different lily cultivars, aiming at guiding the choice of parents in cross breeding and the choice of pollination method. Five types, a total of 43 lily cultivars were used to explore lily the pollen viability, by using the vitro pollen germination method to screen the best medium suitable for most varieties. The results showed that the combination of sugar(100 g·L^-1), boric acid(20 mg·L^-1) and AGAR(10 g·L^-1) was the best solid medium. Most lily cultivars could achieve maximum germination rate within 12 hours, however there were a few varieties still in a state of germination in 24 hours. The germination rate was different due to variety genetic characteristics. TR type lily had the highest germinating vigor, with 80.98% germination rate on average. Germination rate of LA type was the lowest with an average of 13.49%, while those of OT, A and AT types were 49.06%, 46.05% and 50.06%, respectively. In 43 lily cultivars, obvious differences in lily pollen tube’s life was found, 18 varieties showed pollen germination rate declining obviously at late culture stage mainly due to the pollen tube rupture. Thus, we should choose parent materials according to breeding aim in the process of cross-breeding. With 80.98% germination rate, TR type is a very good parental material.Pollination rate could be increased through successive pollination for the types with lower than 50% germination rate or cutting the style of female parents. The types which cannot germinate properly are not recommended to be used as male parents.更多还原