【摘要】 随着适龄劳动力的减少和人工成本的增加,黄河流域棉区棉花收获由人工采摘向机械收获转变的迫切性日益增加。运城棉花综合试验站2011—2016年连续6 a在运城设置了"晋南棉花高密度种植模式探索"试验,把当地传统植棉的群体密度从6.0万~10.5万株/hm~2提高到12.0万~28.5万株/hm~2,利用缩节胺进行全生育期多频次、大剂量塑造棉花娇小株型;大幅度降低个体高度,减少单株果枝数量和单株成铃数量,缩短棉铃成铃周期,使棉花成铃期与当地光热富裕期高度吻合,以超大群体增加单位面积成铃,大幅度提高单位面积籽棉产量和经济效益。结果显示,经6 a连续试验示范,取得了较为明显的效果。当然,晋南虽然春夏两季干旱少雨,但是在个别年份也会出现秋雨连绵,高密度棉花由于个体之间相互交错,在秋季棉花吐絮时容易出现下部烂铃,对棉花品质和产量造成一定的影响,所以建议合适的种植密度为12.0万~16.5万株/hm~2。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the reduction of age-appropriate labor force and the increase of labor cost, the imminence of cotton harvesting in the Yellow River valley cotton area from manual picking to mechanical harvesting is increasing day by day. In view of this, Yuncheng Cotton Comprehensive Experimental Station has set up "Exploration of Cotton High Density Planting Patterns in South Shanxi" for 6 consecutive years from 2011 to 2016 in Yuncheng, increasing the population density of traditional cotton planting in the region from60 000-105 000 plants/hm~2 to 120 000-285 000 plants/hm~2. Using amylin to carry out multi-frequency and high-dose cotton boll-forming plants during the whole growth period, the individual height was greatly reduced, the number of fruit branches per plant and the number of bolls per plant were reduced, and the boll cycle was shortened. The cotton boll-forming period was in organic connection with the local light-heat afforestation period, and the bolls per unit area were added to the super-large groups to greatly increase the output of seed cotton and economic benefits per unit area. After six years of continuous experiment and demonstration, more obvious results were achieved. Of course, although the spring and summer drought in south Shanxi, but in some years there will be continuous autumn, high-density cotton as individuals intertwined, prone to fall boll cotton boll fall when the lower part of the cotton quality and yield caused. Therefore, it is advisable that the suitable planting density is 120 000-165 000 plants/hm~2.更多还原