【摘要】 以木质纤维素为原料的二代燃料乙醇工业生产对发酵微生物的基本要求,一是可对木质纤维素组分中的全糖发酵,二是对预处理过程产生的毒性物质具有高耐受性。酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是具有优良生产性能的传统乙醇发酵生产菌株,是适合包括二代燃料乙醇等生物基化合物转化的理想底盘细胞。近30年来,利用理性代谢工程改造、非理性适应性进化以及新兴起的合成生物学等策略,对酿酒酵母进行精准构制,极大地提高了其二代燃料乙醇生产的产业化性能。综述了适于二代燃料乙醇生产酿酒酵母精准构制过程中的己糖和戊糖代谢途径工程、辅酶工程、糖转运蛋白、抗性元件发掘以及产业化推进等方面的研究进展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The two basic requirements of microorganisms for production of second-generation bioethanol using lignocellulose feedstock as raw materials are the co-utilization of total sugar composition of lignocellulose feedstock and high tolerance to lignocellulosic inhibitors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the traditional ethanol producer, is an attractive chassis cell for production of bio-based chemicals including second-generation bioethanol due to its excellent fermentation ability. For almost three decades,the customized construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has significantly improved its industrial performance for production of the second-generation bioethanol through rational metabolic engineering, non-rational adaptive evolution and synthetic biology technology. In this paper,the progresses on metabolic engineering of hexoses and pentoses, cofactor engineering, sugar transporters, exploration of tolerance element and industrialization development were reviewed during the process of customized construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.更多还原