Headwater streams are critical locations with nutrient recycling and energy flow along a river ecosystem,posing vital significance to macroinvertebrate biodiversity maintenance in rivers. However,in China,research upon headwater streams' macroinvertebrate community structure is few,and the report about seasonality of macroinvertebrate community structure in headwater streams of the Changbai Mountains is particularly lacking. By using in-situ sampling in the wild,we attempt to elucidate seasonality of river ...