【摘要】 针对辽西地区沙地降雨后水土流失严重的现状,在该地区选取大扁杏林,对其保持水土的效果进行研究。在辽西典型沙地栽植的大扁杏林和未造林地设立径流小区,于2012、2013和2016年进行定位监测与分析。结果表明:1)在监测期间,大扁杏林小区和对照小区(未造林地)内植被盖度和植物种类大大增加,大扁杏林小区乔木郁闭度高于对照65%,灌木覆盖度高于对照5%,草本覆盖度低于对照20%,植被总盖度高于对照2%;2)2012年大扁杏林小区的径流量和土壤流失量,分别为109.95 m~3/hm~2和0.69 t/hm~2,2013年和2016年再无径流和土壤流失发生。对照小区的径流量和土壤流失量分别由2012年的902.3 m~3/hm~2和52.21 t/hm~2降至2013年的178.2 m~3/hm~2和4.1 t/hm~2,至2016年无径流和土壤流失发生。综合来看,辽西地区沙地栽植大扁杏林可最终形成相对较高的植被盖度,是减少这一地区地表径流和土壤流失的有效手段,具有较好的生态效益和经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Background] The current situation of soil erosion after rainfall in sandy land in western Liaoning province is quite severe.Armeniaca vulgaris × sibirica is a kernel,shell meat,and economic species,its economic benefit is very considerable.Thus in this region,it is feasible to plant A.vulgaris× sibirica to prevent soil erosion.In this study,typical A.vulgaris × sibirica plantation in sandy land runoff plots in western Liaoning were selected to analyze the runoff characteristics in the year of 2012,2013 and 2016,for providing a scientific basis for the utilization of economic forest in local area.[Methods]In the monitoring site,three runoff plots were set(two plots were in A.vulgaris × sibirica plantation,the other one was CK).The soil underneath and surrounding environment in CK was consistent with other two runoff plots.Runoff plots were 20 m long,5 m wide,covered an area of 100 m~2,long side and slope direction were the same at plot slope of 10°.The boundary of the plot was pouring with concrete,which was tightly connected and deeply embedded,and the surface was exposed to 20 cm.The slope of the plot was equipped with a collector groove,and the flow channel was perpendicular to the water flow(runoff) direction,and the length was the same as the width of the runoff area,and the width was 20 cm.The collector bucket was set up,and the PVC pipe with a diameter of 20 cm was connected with the collector groove,which was used to take the runoff into the collector bucket.The diameter of the collector bucket was 1 m,and there were five water holes along the upper part of the bucket.[Results]1) During the period of monitoring,the vegetation coverage and the number of plant species obviously increased both in A.vulgaris × sibirica plots and CK.The arbor coverage of A.vulgaris × sibirica plots was 65% higher than CK,the shrub coverage was 5% higher than CK,the herbaceous coverage was20% lower than CK,and the vegetation coverage was 2% higher than CK.2) A.vulgaris × sibirica plantation in sandy land had obvious effect on water loss and soil erosion control.The runoff and soil loss in 2012 were 109.95 m~3/hm~2 and 0.69 m3/hm~2 respectively,and no runoff and soil erosion occurred in2013 and 2016.The runoff and soil loss in the control area decreased from 902.3 m~3/hm~2 and 52.21 m~3/hm~2 in 2012 to 178 m~3/hm~2 and 4.1 m3/hm~2 in 2013,and no runoff and soil loss events occurred until2016.[Conclusions] To sum up,A.vulgaris × sibirica plantation in sandy land can eventually form a relatively high vegetation density,then reducing the surface runoff and soil erosion in western Liaoning region,it has promising ecological and economic benefits.更多还原