【摘要】 据国际海事组织统计,每年在全球运输的压载水超过100亿吨,每天约有超过7 000种生物随船舶压载水在全球范围内迁移,这些迁移的生物极易造成生物入侵。为了评估上海及附近海域受外来生物"侵袭"的风险,尤其是上海口岸入境的国际航行船舶压载水中致病微生物携带情况,我们采用自制采样器采集洋山、崇明及外高桥等港口入境船舶压载水样,参照国标GB/T5750.12—2006和生活饮用水规范(2001),对样品进行实验室培养和检测。结果显示在调查的20艘来自国外船舶的压载水中,检测到了肠致病性的气单胞菌和肠球菌,在某些船的压载水中还检测到了铅黄肠球菌。在3艘外来船舶的4个样本中检测到大肠菌群,细菌总数检测在10~3~10~4cfu/m L,霍乱弧菌未检出。研究结果说明当前上海口岸入境船舶压载水中存在风险,也警示我们应该加强压载水的管理。对于新发现的单胞菌,也应加强检测方法及标准的建立。为更好地应对实施的国际压载水海洋公约,我们应该针对入境的船舶压载水,展开更广泛地调查,采集更多的数据,对外来微生物进行更详细的风险评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 According the IMO( International Maritime Organization),more than 10 billion tons ballast water was transported,with more than 7 000 species with the ship ballast water migration in the global scope. In order to assess the risk of being " invaded" by alien organisms in Shanghai and the surrounding sea areas and to investigate pathogenic microorganisms in ballast water from International ships sailing to Shanghai,we have collected ballast water samples from ships berthed in Yangshan port,Chongming port and Waigaoqiao Port for detection. Sample preparation,incubation and detection and identification are operated as the government standard GB/T5750. 12-2006 and Standards for Drinking Water Quality( 2001). The results showed some Aeromonas and Enteropathogenic Monoucleosis were detected,including Enterococcus casseliflavus. The total bacterial count of all the ballast water samples was in the range of 103-104 cfu/ml. Coliform was found in 4 samples from 3 ships,while Vibrio cholera had not been detected. The result demonstrated the risks of pathogenic microorganism in the ballast water of the ships at the Shanghai Port,which warns us to strengthen the management of ballast water. For newly detected pathogenic bacteria,detecting methods and standards should also be established. For the strategy to International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments,we should do more survey and collect more data for more detailed assessment about the risk of the incoming ships’ s ballast water.更多还原