【摘要】 探索在我国小麦主产区苜蓿—冬小麦带式间套对土壤水分的影响,建立合理的间套体系让水分利用效率达到最大化,实现保护性耕作目的。于2017—2018年在河南省商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站实施了5m-M₁、5m-M₂、5m-X₁、5m-X₂等不同带式间套处理田间试验,测定苜蓿—冬小麦共同生育期,苜蓿单独生长期,越冬期土壤水分的变化,分析各处理土壤水分特征和土壤储水量变化。结果表明,当苜蓿—冬小麦带式间套时,在2017年6月7日、2017年10月26日、2018年3月17日和2018年6月8日测定5m-X₂土壤储水量较单播小麦相比分别增加30.46%、2.92%、1.67%、9.32%,耗水量在2017年10月—2018年3月大致持平,2018年3～6月则显著低于单播小麦;5m-M₂土壤储水量较单播苜蓿相比2017年10月与2018年3月分别4.15%、3.27%,耗水量在2017年10月—2018年3月显著低于单播苜蓿,2018年3～6月无显著性差异。综合土壤含水量、土壤储水量、土壤耗水量的变化,当为1 m:2 m带式间套体系时,能够很好的共同使用季节水分和互调余缺机制,有利于创造适宜的土壤水分环境,有利于苜蓿—冬小麦的生长。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the effect of alfalfa-winter wheat intercropping on soil moisture in the main wheat producing areas of China, and establish a reasonable intercropping system to maximize water use efficiency and achieve conservation tillage, field trials of 5 m-M₁,5 m-M₂,5 m-X₁ and 5 m-X₂ intercropping were carried out at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu Farmland Ecosystem in Henan Province from 2017 to 2018. These experiments are to measure the common growth period of alfalfa-winter wheat, solitary growth period of alfalfa and the changes of soil moisture during overwintering period, and to analyze the soil moisture characteristics and soil water storage in intercropping systems.When alfalfa and winter wheat were interspersed with each other, During the measuring period, the soil water storage of 5 m-X₂ was 30.46%,2.92% and 1.67%,9.32%, the water consumption was about the same between October 2017 and March 2018, but significantly lower than that of monoculture wheat from March to June 2018. Compared with monoculture alfalfa, 5 m-M₂ soil water storage was 4.15%,3.27% in October 2017 and in March 2018, and the water consumption was significantly lower than that of monoculture alfalfa from October 2017 and March 2018, but there was no significant difference between March and June 2018.Synthesizing these changes of soil water content, soil water storage and soil water consumption, it can well use the seasonal moisture and intermodulation surplus and deficiency mechanism when 1 m:2 m intercropping system was used as the intercropping.1 m:2 m intercropping system has obvious advantages of water use efficiency, and it is beneficial to create suitable soil moisture environment and the growth of alfalfa winter wheat.更多还原