【摘要】 马克思初涉法学是以康德的理想主义为方法论原则的。在康德理想主义激情的鼓舞下,马克思勤耕苦读,力图构建一个法学体系。但康德的法学正如其伦理学一样,是以理论和现实相脱离、应有和现有相对立为方法论特征的,马克思意识到按此方法就不能找到通向现实生活的道路。在重读黑格尔著作以及和青年黑格尔派成员的交往过程中,马克思逐渐意识到康德和黑格尔的方法论的差别。由于黑格尔认识到思维和存在的统一,便顺理成章地解决了应有和现有的统一性问题。大约在1837年秋冬之交,马克思终于放弃了康德的理想主义方法而转向了黑格尔应有和现有相统一的现实主义方法。马克思这一转变过程对于我们今天深刻把握理论与现实的关系不无启发。正确的理论必须面向现实生活和现实问题,为现实把脉;同时理论又应当超越现实,发挥引领现实的先导作用,为现实服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on Kant’s idealism in methodological principles, Marx started his science of law. Having been inspired by Kant’s idealistic passion, Marx worked hard, trying to build a legal system. But Kant’s jurisprudence, like its ethics, is characterized by its separation from theory and reality, of its due and existing methodology. Marx realized that the way to real life could not be found in this way. Marx gradually realized the difference between Kant and Hegel’s Methodology in the process of Rereading Hegel’s works and intercourse with the members of the young Hegel school. Because Hegel recognized the unity of thought and existence, he solved the unity of due and existing problems in a reasonable way. In the autumn and winter of 1837, Marx finally gave up Kant’s idealism and turned to the realism method, which on the unity of due and existing from Hegel. The change of Marx’s thinking is enlightening to us to grasp the relationship between theory and reality deeply today. The correct theory must face the real life and the reality. At the same time, the theory should also surpass the reality, play the leading role of leading the reality and serve the reality.更多还原