【摘要】 2016年6月14日一个长生命史的超级单体风暴在山东产生了大范围的冰雹和雷暴大风天气。利用常规观测资料、中尺度自动站资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达资料对其天气背景、雷达观测特征进行分析,对其维持机制进行探讨。结果表明:在华北冷涡的背景下,在较强的深层垂直风切变和中等强度对流有效位能环境条件下,地面中尺度辐合中心触发生成强对流风暴;维持阶段风暴右前方低层一直存在暖湿气流的入流槽口,垂直结构呈现出经典超级单体的结构特征,中气旋发展深厚且强盛,最大垂直涡度在1.0×10^-2s^-1以上,每次单体强中心高度的跃升和快速下降均伴有一次地面大冰雹事件的发生;发展和维持阶段地面冷池边界扩张与低层垂直风切变大小相当,达到平衡状态,在风暴前方形成较强的辐合上升运动,大于150m²·s^-2的风暴相对螺旋度环境,风暴沿地面中尺度辐合线移动,这些都是超级单体风暴维持较长生命史的有利条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 On 14 June 2016,a long-life supercell storm produced a wide range of hailfall and thunderstorm gale in Shandong Province.Based on the conventional observation,mesoscale automatic station,Doppler weather radar and wind profile radar data,the weather background and radar observation characteristics are analyzed,and the maintenance mechanisms are discussed.The results show that under the background of a cold vortex in North China and the environment conditions of strong deep vertical wind shear and medium convection available potential energy,the surface mesoscale convergence center triggered the strong convective storm.In the maintenance stage,there was an inflow entrance of warm and moist air on the left front of the storm at the lower level.The vertical structure showed the structural characteristics of the classical supercell,and a deep and strong mesocyclone developed,with the biggest vertical vorticity basically being above 1×10^-2s^-1 and each rapid increase and decrease of the central height accompanied by the occurrence of a single hail event.The supercell storm moved along the mesoscale convergence line at the development and maintenance stages,and there formed a strong convergence updraft in front of the storm because the ground cooling pool boundary expansion was balanced with the low-level vertical wind shear.The relative helicity of the storm was above 150 m²·s^-2,which were the favorable conditions for the supercell storm to maintain a long time.更多还原