【摘要】 目的调查北京市社区护士职业倦怠现状,并分析相关因素对职业倦怠的影响。方法 2016年3—4月,采用随机整群抽样的方法,在北京市丰台区14家公立社区卫生服务机构中随机抽取5家,把这5家社区卫生服务中心的所有社区护士作为调查对象。调查社区护士一般情况,采用中文版职业倦怠量表(MBI)调查社区护士职业倦怠情况,并采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。共发放问卷135份,回收有效问卷132份,有效回收率为97.8%。结果北京市社区护士情感衰竭维度得分为(19.4±9.6)分,去个性化维度得分为(9.5±6.5)分,个人成就感维度得分为(18.2±5.6)分。北京市社区护士情感衰竭、个人成就感维度得分较美国M常模降低,去个性化维度得分较美国M常模升高(P<0.05)。北京市社区护士情感衰竭、个人成就感维度得分较深圳市社区护士降低(P<0.05)。北京市社区护士去个性化维度得分较武汉市社区护士升高,个人成就感维度得分较武汉市社区护士降低(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,北京市社区护士去个性化维度得分与情感衰竭维度得分有回归关系;每周工作时间、情感衰竭、个人成就感维度得分与去个性化维度得分有回归关系;年龄、岗位工龄、每天与患者接触时间、去个性化维度得分与个人成就感维度得分有回归关系(P<0.05)。结论本研究发现北京社区护士职业倦怠呈现中、重度水平,尤其体现在个人成就感下降方面。亟须政府加大财政投入和顶层设计,建立完善的预防干预体系,改善社区护士职业倦怠的现状,提高社区护士的身心健康和护理质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate current situation of job burnout among community nurses in Beijing, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Using the random cluster sampling method, five community health service centers were randomly selected to conduct this survey from 14 communities of Fengtai district in Beijing from March to April in 2016. Basic information of all community nurses were collected and their job burnout situations were measured by Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI). The influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. A total of 135 questionnaires were distributed, and 132 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective recovery rate was 97.8%. Results The score of emotional exhaustion(EE) subscale among community nurses in Beijing was(19.4±9.6); the score for depersonalization(DP) subscale was(9.5±6.5); and the score of personal achievement(PA) subscale was(18.2±5.6). Compared with M norm in United States, community nurses in Beijing got lower EE and PA scores, and a higher DP score(P<0.05). Compared with scores of community nurses in Shenzhen, community nurses in Beijing got lower EE and PA scores(P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared with scores of community nurses in Wuhan, community nurses in Beijing got a lower PA score, and a higher DP score(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that EE score had a regressive relationship with DP score; DP score had a regressive relationship with weekly working time, EE score and PA score; PA scorehad a regressive relationship with age, seniority, daily contact time with patients and DP score among community nurses in Beijing(P<0.05). Conclusion Job burnout among community nurses in Beijing is in the moderate to severe level, especially in the aspect of personal accomplishment. It is urgent for the government to increase financial input and establish a well-functioning prevention and intervention system in order to improve the current status of job burnout among community nurses and improve their physical and mental health and nursing quality.更多还原