【摘要】 青藏高原社区畜牧业实施以来,牧民生产生活始终坚持生态优先,改造传统放牧模式与草地管理办法。2012—2014年,羊八井社区由全年大尺度放牧向冷暖两季划区轮牧、休牧转变;草地管理方面,羊八井社区大力发展窝圈种草、青贮草加工等,有效解决了草畜矛盾突出,尤其是冬季补饲饲草供给能力薄弱等问题。牧民放牧模式的改变对天然草地植被长势有直接影响,归一化植被指数(NDVI)测算表明, 2012—2014年羊八井社区草地长势变化明显,社区东部和南部地区草地植被生长受人类活动影响较小长势最好,草地生物量和盖度较高,但北部草地长势略有下降。为促进青藏高原牧民草地管理与放牧模式进一步优化提出增加牧民在草场管理中的参与度、合理安排草场承包制度、提高牧民的受教育程度等对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the implementation of community livestock industry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the production and life of herders have always adhered to ecological priority, and the traditional grazing mode and grassland management methods have been reformed. From 2012 to 2014, Yangbajing community changed the grazing mode from large-scale grazing to rotational grazing and rest grazing in different areas in cold and warm seasons. In grassland management, Yangbajing community vigorously developed grass nest circle on grassland utilization and silage grass processing, which effectively solved the outstanding contradiction between grass and livestock, especially the weak supply capacity of supplementary forage in winter. The change of herdser’s grazing pattern directly reflects the change of natural grassland vegetation growth. The calculation results of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) showed that the grassland growth in Yangbajing community has changed significantly from 2012 to 2014, the grassland vegetation growth in eastern and southern areas of the community was the best because of being less affected by human activities, and the grass biomass and coverage were higher, but the growth of grassland in the north decreased slightly. In order to further optimize the grassland management and grazing mode of herders in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, some countermeasures were put forward, such as increasing the participation of herdsmen in grassland management,rationally arranging the grassland contract system, and improving the education level of herdsmen.更多还原