【摘要】 为降低土壤耕作阻力,分析了鼹鼠前肢手掌的多趾组合结构特征,得到鼹鼠多趾组合结构是一种多窄齿组合结构,且相邻齿间间距可调整,最终确定了多趾组合结构的数学模型。基于该模型,设计了具有仿生结构特征的切土刀片。通过土槽试验,采用四因素三水平的二次正交回归试验方法,分析仿生结构元素m和n、土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响,得到土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响更显著,最优仿生结构元素m为5、n为1. 75。通过比较传统和仿生刀片在切土倾角10°～90°和土壤含水率10%～30%下的水平阻力,得到仿生几何结构对刀片切土的临界倾角无显著影响,但土壤含水率对其有显著影响:当土壤含水率为10%和20%时,临界倾角均为30°左右;当土壤含水率为30%时,临界倾角均在40°～50°之间。然而,仿生几何结构对刀片所受的水平阻力有显著影响,在相同的土壤含水率下,仿生刀片的水平阻力总小于传统刀片的水平阻力:当土壤含水率为10%、20%、30%时,仿生刀片的水平阻力分别减小11. 48%～39. 16%、17. 81%～28. 00%和11. 19%～33. 26%。此外,水平阻力的变化与土壤内聚力具有极大的相关性,研究表明土壤含水率为10%～20%时,仿生刀片具有更好的切土性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil tillage is an important operation to create a better soil condition for crop growing.However,larger draught forces exist in the tillage operation so that it is urgent to need some methods to solve these problems. Mole rat has the outstanding digging performance,and its multi-claw combination would inspire the development of new efficient tillage implements. The mathematical model of the multiclaw combination was established,and bionic soil-cutting blades were designed for investigating the effects of the bionic structural elements(m and n),soil moisture content and rake angle on the draught force. By the quadratic regression orthogonal test,it was found that the soil moisture content and rake angle had more significant effects on the draught force. Optimal combination with the least draught force was m = 5 and n = 1. 75. Through the comparison test of the draught force between conventional and bionic soil-cutting blades at the rake angle of 10° to 90° and the soil moisture content of 10% to 30%,the bionic structural elements had no significant effects on the critical rake angle of blades,but soil moisture content had a significant effect on that. Particularly,the bionic blade showed the best cutting performance. When the soil moisture content was 10%,20% and 30%,the draught force of the bionic blade was decreased by 11. 48% to 39. 16%,17. 81% to 28. 00% and 11. 19% to 33. 26%,respectively.Moreover,the bionic blade had better soil cutting performance at the soil moisture content of 10% ～ 20%.更多还原