【摘要】 浙江良渚地区的考古研究工作已开展了八十余年,海量考古数据的存储与管理经历了从文件系统向传统关系型数据库再向空间数据库发展的过程.文件系统和传统关系型数据库在存储和管理考古数据上存在着一定的限制,尤其是不能够充分体现考古数据的空间关系,限制了考古空间分析工作的展开.而空间数据库不仅具有普通数据库存储和管理数据的性质,其特性更在于存储空间图形数据、属性数据并建立起二者之间的联系,从而能够将考古发现与其自身地理空间位置、环境紧密结合,为从空间层面进行区域性和综合性的考古分析提供技术支撑,实现向景观考古分析的迈进.基于ArcGIS Geodatabase设计并实现了良渚古城遗址空间数据库,完成了良渚古城数字化地图的矢量化,并综合考古发掘和研究成果,对不同空间实体进行了属性设计,使得各类已发掘的重要遗址、遗迹的空间位置及其文化背景和相互联系能够在地图上直观地表现出来.这一遗址空间数据库不仅实现了空间数据和属性数据的一体化存储、浏览、查询与管理等基础功能,还提供了考古专题地图的动态制作、考古遗址的空间分析等功能,为区域环境考古、景观考古等提供新的研究思路和有力支撑.更多还原

【Abstract】 The archaeological research of Liangzhu ancient city,Zhejiang province,has been carried out for more thaneighty years.The storage and management of the huge amounts of archaeological data has gone through the process from file system to traditional database and to spatial database.However,the spatial relationship between archaeological documents and maps can’t be fully demonstrated in file system or traditional database.Meanwhile,the query,management and analysis of archaeological data are far from convenient and efficacious,and the comprehensive spatial analysis of Liangzhu archaeological research has been limited.With the development of the information technology,the spatial database can ameliorate this situation.It can not only reserve the features of traditional database to store and manage data,but more importantly,it is capable of storing spatial data and attribute data,as well as establishing relationships between them.The spatial database will relate archaeological discoveries and geographic locations under particular environment,and it will further offer instructional assistance for regional and comprehensive landscape archaeological research on spatial level.Thus,a spatial database based on ArcGIS Geodatabase for relics in Liangzhu ancient city has been designed and constructed to realize spatial data storage reasonably and information management efficiently.In this article,maps of Liangzhu ancient city were digitalized and attributions of different archaeological sites were described and integrated into ArcGIS Geodatabase.The attributions of all kinds of sites were designed based on comprehensively archaeological reports and research results.Then,the spatial information and the cultural backgrounds of important archaeological sites as well as connections among sites can be seen intuitively on the maps.Besides,the browsing,query and management of archaeological data can be quick,accurate and systematic.In conclusion,the establishment of this spatial database can meet the basic requirements of unified storage,browsing and management of multi-source archaeological data.At the same time,the spatial database of Liangzhu ancient city can realize functions including thematic maps production,a series of spatial analysis of archaeological sites.Furthermore,it will provide fresh ideas and useful methods for regional environmental archaeology and landscape archaeology.更多还原