【摘要】 针对人员疏散过程中在出口处出现瓶颈的现象,论文基于pathfinder软件研究了出口属性对疏散速度的影响.首先,通过建模及人员属性设置,建立了疏散仿真模型及不同数量的被疏散人群.其次,基于模型,研究了出口数量、位置及导流墙对疏散速度的影响.结果表明被疏散人员数量较少时,出口数量对疏散速度没有多大影响,疏散时间由被疏散人员到出口的最远距离决定,同时,导流墙对疏散有一定阻碍作用;当被疏散人员较多时,出口数量越少越有利于提高疏散速度;位于墙的两边出口比中间出口疏散速度更快;同时,导流墙可以有效提高疏散速度.研究成果对建筑的设计与管理及疏散策略的制定与实施有一定指导作用.更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at the bottleneck effect generated at the exits during the pedestrian evacuation process, this paper concerns the influences of the exits on pedestrian evacuation by utilizing Pathfinder. Firstly, based on modeling and personnel attribute setting, the evacuation model and the different quantities of evacuees are established. Secondly, based on the obtained model, the influences of the quantities and positions of exits and guiding walls on pedestrian evacuation are studied. Results show, when the quantities of evacuees are not enough to result in a congestion at the exits, the quantity of exits has little effect on the evacuation speed, the evacuation time is determined by the farthest distance from the evacuees to the exits, and the guiding wall has an obstruction effect on the evacuation. When the quantities of evacuees is enough to result in a congestion at the exits, the less quantity of the exits can results in the faster evacuation speed, the exits on both sides of the wall can obtain a faster evacuation speed than those at the middle of the wall, and, the guiding wall can improve the evacuation speed effectively. The results obtained in this paper can guide the design and management of buildings and the formulation and implementation of those evacuation strategies.更多还原