【摘要】 随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代和全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义新思想,青海、四川、甘肃和云南等四省藏区按照中央"四个全面"战略布局和"五大发展理念"新要求,面临加快全面发展的重要机遇。四省藏区受相似的自然生态环境、社会稳定关系和民生改善诉求等多因素的交织影响,导致区域社会治理更加重要、复杂和艰巨,因此亟需转变由政府包揽的社会治理方式。在分析四省藏区社会治理特殊性的基础上,基于人本管理提出四省藏区社会治理的新理念;综合人本管理和社会系统管理观点,提出四省藏区社会治理的系统观;借鉴平衡记分卡理论,从利益、主体、环境和学习等四个维度提出优化四省藏区社会治理系统的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stepping into the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the Tibetan areas in Qinghai,Sichuan,Gansu and Yunnan are facing new opportunities for accelerating their overall development. Tibetan areas in these four provinces are impacted by similar issues,such as their natural ecological environment, social stability, and the improvement of people ’s livelihoods,which makes social governance become more important,complex and arduous. There is an urgent need to change the traditional mode of social governance in which the government undertakes everything. In many aspects,the Tibetan areas of Qinghai,Sichuan,Gansu and Yunnan have a close relationship with Tibet,for example,with religion,culture,living customs and social development. At the same time,if seen from the details,the Tibetan areas of these four provinces have obvious differences when compared with Tibet,for example,the natural environment,production and life style,social development and administrative jurisdiction. Therefore,whereas the social economic development and social governance of the Tibetan areas in these four provinces have overall characteristics which are similar with Tibet,they also have particular ones which differ.The Tibetan areas of these four provinces are not only key areas for promoting a multi-ethnic-embedded social structure and community environment among,for example, the Tibetans, Han,Mongolians and Hui,but are also Tibetan high plateau poverty relief areas which have accelerated the improvement of people ’s livelihood,adjusted the mode of economic development and attached importance to ecological environmental protection.Good social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces is not only conducive to social stability and to the social economic development of this region,but it is also conducive to the overall establishment of a well-off society and the longterm social stability of the Tibetan areas of China.The development and social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces are faced with obvious similar specific issues,which are mainly reflected in the impact of the fragile,natural ecology and environment,and urgent demands for the improvement of the people ’s livelihood. Therefore,it is necessary to take these as an overall objective for the study of social governance.The social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces should effectively solve the real social problems. The total economic aggregate of the Tibetan areas in these four provinces has increased greatly compared with the past,and the living standards of all ethnic groups have improved significantly. However, social problems remain sensitive and complex,mainly due to the fact that there is not only a certain number of populations living in absolute poverty（ mainly affected by the natural environment which is difficult to change in the short term）,but also due to the large gap between the rich and the poor（ relative poverty）which resulted from development which is more about the construction of a well-off society. The so-cial governance of the Tibetan areas in these four provinces should focus on the sustainable development and the long-term social stability of the region. The relative shortage of the supply of social public services in these Tibetan areas determines the leading role of the government in social governance in the long term,and,at the same time,we need to improve the degree of participation of nongovernmental organizations in social governance,and let them play a better role. A social governance model based on multiple agents is an important direction for future development in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces,and it is an effective way to promote the modernization of the capacity of the social governance of these Tibetan areas. It is also an effective countermeasure for achieving regional sustainable development and social stability.Therefore, from the perspective of current and long-term development,social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces should focus on the two main "lines"of "being carried out by the people"and "serving the people". "Humanistic Management"has important theoretical significance and practical value for transforming the traditional mode of social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces. Correspondingly,it is necessary to further transform the concept of governance based on "maintaining stability " to one that sets up a humanistic ideal that helps the"common development"of all ethnic groups.We must study social governance in the Tibetans of these four provinces as a system. We should mainly consider the following three points: firstly,to coordinate the relationship between the various elements within the social governance system; secondly,to promote the goals of the social governance system by increasing social stability and improving the people ’s livelihood; and thirdly,to coordinate the synergy between the social governance system and other governance systems（ such as economy,ecology and politics）,so as to promote the all-round and free development of human beings. In a word,the social governance in the Ti-betan areas of these four provinces is a complex people-centered system,comprised of the interaction and interdependence among humans,projects,institutions and environment. The system has the potential to maintain social stability,and has the ability to continuously promote the realization of the peoples’ overall free development.In fact,the natural environment in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces is relatively harsh,and the social economic development lags behind.The social problems and social contradictions caused by absolute poverty and relative poverty are intertwined. As such,it is especially necessary to establish a mode of social governance which is dominated by the government but with the wide participation of different social forces.Xi Jinping’s report at 19^th CPC National Conpress and the philosophy of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,contain profound ideas and requirements with regard to a more humanistic management,all of which point out the correct direction for the modernization of China’s social governance ability. With a relative lag in economic development and a relatively weak structure of social stability,the contradiction between the ability for social governance and the social problems in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces is relatively prominent. Based on an analysis of the special features of social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces,this paper puts forward a new concept of social governance based on humanistic management,one which is guided by the government together with wide participation of other social forces. According to the viewpoint of this kind of humanistic management and social systems management,this paper puts forward a systematic view of social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces. Based on the Balanced Scorecard Theory of management,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the social governance system of these Tibetan areas from the four dimensions of interest,subject,environment and learn-ing.As China approaches the creation of a well-off society in an all-round way,the social problems in these Tibetan areas,such as compulsory education,social welfare and ecological protection,are gradually being solved. At the same time,the social governance in the Tibetan areas of these four provinces is facing new problems and new situations. For instance,social problems such as medical treatment,social equity and social services,have become the key needs of the people of all ethnic groups,and the focus of attention of all society. According to this new situation together with the new tasks faced by development in these Tibetan areas,we need to transform the traditional mode of social governance,gradually shifting from material-oriented management that maintains social stability to humanistic management that promotes people’s all-round development.更多还原