【摘要】 能源枯竭和二氧化碳（CO₂）引起的温室效应制约着社会和经济的可持续发展.由于电能具有以风能、太阳能和潮汐能等清洁能源作为来源的优点,电催化还原CO₂被认为是CO₂资源化方法中最具发展前景的一种转化技术.通过电催化还原CO₂得到碳氢化合物或液体燃料等高附加值产品,可以有效地缓解能源和环境问题.随着纳米材料科学和纳米技术的不断进步,纳米结构的金属电催化剂除具备过渡金属良好的导电性能和配位催化能力外,其较高的比表面积还提升了对气体的吸附性能和增加了活性催化位点的分布.因此,纳米结构的金属电催化剂在电催化CO₂还原领域中展现出较高的催化活性和潜在的工业化能力.文章首先简要介绍了电化学还原CO₂的非均相催化过程,然后概述了近几年来在纳米金属电催化材料和反应机理相关的实验与理论研究方面的最新研究进展,并在最后对其发展趋势进行了展望.更多还原

【Abstract】 The social and economic sustainable development has been restricted by the shortage of energy supply and global warming caused by CO₂ excessive emission. In regards to the possible transformation of wind,solar and tidal energy into electricity,the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction（ ECR） is considered to be one of the most promising strategies to convert CO₂ into fuels and chemicals. These carbohydrates or liquid fuels yielding by the ECR process can effectively mitigate global warming and energy supply problems. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology,the metallic nanostructured materials are deemed to be the optimal choice that possess excellent catalytic activity and potential for industrial applications in the area of ECR,due to the outstanding conductivity and coordination effect of metals as well as the large surface thatenlarge the gas adsorption and active site distribution. In this Review,the heterogeneous catalytic process of CO₂ electroreduction were demonstrated at first. Next,the latest progress relating to nano-metallic electrocatalytic materials and experimental and theoretical studies of the reaction mechanism has been discussed. Finally,the challenges and prospects for further development of CO₂ electrochemical reduction have been presented.更多还原