【摘要】 在关于方法论个体主义的讨论中,涉及一个重要问题——心理主义。波普尔学派的主要代表人物波普尔、沃特金斯、阿加西等都讨论了方法论个体主义与心理主义的关系。波普尔始终坚持批判心理主义,其目的是为了确保科学方法的统一性、社会理论的自主性以及社会科学解释的合理性;沃特金斯在其早期认为心理主义有助于对社会现象进行彻底解释,但在其后期提倡的中层解释方法中,心理主义却几乎没有立足之地。阿加西原则上对心理主义持反对态度,他主要是通过对心理主义的批判,提出了一种独特的制度主义的个体主义理论。本文通过论述三位波普尔学派代表人物对心理主义的批判,以求更好地理解他们关于方法论个体主义的主要思想和侧重点,并为更加准确地评判方法论个体主义提供一些启发。更多还原

【Abstract】 The discussion of methodological individualism involves an important problem of psychologism.The main representatives of Popperian,Popper,Watkins and Agassi,have discussed the relationship between methodological individualism and psychologism.Popper always adhered to the critique of psychologism, of which the purpose was to ensure the unity of the scientific method, theory of social autonomy and rationality of social scientific explanation.In his early view,Watkins thought that psychologism helped to give a rock-bottom explanation of society,but in his later thought, among the so-called half-way explanations he advocated, there was little room for psychologism.In principle, Agassi held an attitude against psychologism, he was mainly through the critique of psychologism, presenting a distinctive theory of institutional individualism.This paper discusses the three Popperian representatives’ critique of psychologism, so as to achieve a better understanding of their main ideas and emphasis, and provide some inspiration for more accurate evaluation of methodological individualism as well.更多还原