【摘要】 桃力庙—阿拉善湾海子是内蒙古西部鄂尔多斯高原上一个水面曾为10 km2的荒漠咸水湖泊,因其在20世纪90年代承载了遗鸥最大繁殖群和大量迁徙过往水禽,于2002年被认定为全球第1148号国际重要湿地。随后,干旱少雨加之严重人为干扰使桃—阿海子趋于干涸,遗鸥繁殖群于2004年放弃该地点迁居他地,当地水鸟群落于2005年彻底消失。经历数年全然干涸之后,桃—阿海子干涸湖底发育起碱蓬群落。蓑羽鹤自2011年起在其间营巢繁殖,数量逐年增多,并有蓑羽鹤非繁殖群停歇与栖居。2014年秋,内蒙古银宏能源开发有限公司下属之泊江海子矿,开始将经沉淀净化处理后的矿井水通过引渠排入桃—阿海子以襄助其湿地生境之恢复。至2017年5月,桃—阿海子东半部沿旧河道生成芦苇沼泽型湿地,其面积已达2 km2,西半部低洼处出现明水面,当年桃—阿海子鼎盛时期的鸟种大部分再现,一些种类再度营巢繁殖;9月中旬,30余种水鸟聚集桃—阿海子,总量近万只,包括苍鹭、普通鸬鹚、鹗等该区域内湿地生境条件下的顶级消费者;至10月下旬,在桃—阿海子停歇的迁徙水鸟总量达2.2万~2.3万只。至此,泊江海子矿经3年之补水努力,使桃—阿海子初步恢复其作为水禽重要栖息地的生态功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Taolimiao-Alashan Nur, simply called the T-A Nur, a 10 km2 brackish lake located in Ordos upland of Western Inner Mongolia, was recognized, in 2002, No. 1148 Ramsar Site due to its habitat for the largest breeding colony of the Relict Gull(Larus relictus) and large amount of migrating water birds during the whole 1990 s. Then, drought, plus severe human disturbance, made the Nur to be almost totally dried up, the whole breeding colony of the gull moved to other places in 2004 together with the waterbirds community completely disappeared in 2005. After in silence for years, Suaeda community developed at the bottom of the lake, and the Demoiselle Cranes(Grus virgo) started nesting there since 2011 with the number gradually increased year by year, besides, some non-breeding cranes, up to over 80 birds in 2014, also gathered there in summer season. In autumn 2014, the Bojianghaizi Coal Mine started channeling the mine water purified by sedimentation into T-A Nur to help restore the wetland habitat. Till May 2017, due to the effort of water supply, an area of about 2 km2 of reed marsh appeared in the eastern part of the lake and visible water appeared at lower are of the western part, while, most bird species, used to be inhabiting during the peak period of the lake, have reappeared in and around the lake again, and, some of them nested here for breeding again; in mid-September, up to 10 000 water birds, of some 30 species, were gathered in the lake, including some wetland top customer species such as the Grey Heron(over 100 individuals), the Black Stork, the Common Cormorant(24 birds), and the Osprey; then, in late October, 22 000-23 000 water birds were found staying and feeding in the lake. Hence, three years of effort of making constant water supply from the coal mine to T-A Nur has restored the Nur to have ecological functions as an important water bird habitat.更多还原