【摘要】 基于3期土地利用和植被覆盖度资料、高分辨率的驱动场、马赛克的土地利用处理方式,采用区域气候天气研究与预报模式,设计两类试验研究中国土地利用和植被覆盖度变化对区域气候的影响.结果表明:在土地利用试验中,反照率、叶面积指数、发射率和低空云量等影响地表能量及分配,导致土地利用变化对夏季潜热、感热和2 m气温等陆面物理量的影响显著.由于城市地表的不透水性导致城市潜热明显减少,感热和气温增加.土地利用变化对冬季的影响比夏季弱,主要是反照率起作用,尤其是在积雪变化较大的区域.在植被覆盖度试验中,植被覆盖度与叶面积指数一致,后者直接影响植被蒸腾作用和夏季潜热,潜热的变化与植被覆盖度的变化具有较好的空间一致性,感热和气温基本上与潜热变化相反.土地利用和植被覆盖度变化通过改变垂直层温度,影响位势高度,引起风场的异常和降水的变化.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the three periods of land use(LU) and green vegetation fraction(GVF) data, high-resolution driving fields, the "mosaic" approach, two types of experiments were designed to investigate into the regional climate effects of LU and GVF change over China by using the weather research and forecasting model. The results showed that, in the LU experiments, albedo, leaf area index(LAI), emissivity and low level cloud fraction affected the surface energy and its distribution; then the influence of LU change on latent heat, sensible heat and 2 m air temperature was significant in summer. Because of the impermeability of the urban ground, latent heat was significantly decreased in the urban area, and sensible heat and air temperature was increased. The impact of LU change on the surface variables was weaker in winter than in summer,and albedo played an important role, especially in areas where snow cover varied greatly. In GVF experiments, LAI should be consistent with GVF, and LAI affected plant transpiration, which affected the summer latent heat. The latent heat change and GVF change had good spatial consistency, and the sensible heat and the air temperature change was essentially opposite to the latent heat. LU and GVF change affected the geopotential height by changing the vertical layer temperature, and then wind fields and precipitation will be changed.更多还原