【摘要】 [目的]探讨哈尔滨市小学生邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)的暴露水平及其影响因素。[方法]选取哈尔滨市某小学一年级和五年级学生,按照随机抽样原则,各抽取100名小学生,收集每名小学生的尿液样品并进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般情况、生活习惯及生长发育情况等信息。采用正己烷萃取气相色谱-质谱法测定小学生尿液中的3种PAEs代谢物[邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)、邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MEHP)]的暴露水平。[结果]回收并匹配尿液样本和有效调查问卷共168份。尿液样本中MEP、MBP、MEHP的检出率分别为20.83%、13.69%和95.24%。五年级学生MBP检出率(7.79%)低于一年级(18.68%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.045)。使用塑料材质杯子的小学生MBP检出率为23.81%,高于使用其他材质杯子的小学生(11.11%,P=0.003)。家庭每天打扫房间的小学生尿液中MEP检出率(12.96%)低于家庭两天或以上打扫1次房间的小学生(38.33%)(P=0.000)。此外,每周在外吃饭≥3次的小学生尿液中MEP检出率(31.48%)高于每周在外吃饭<3次的小学生(P=0.026)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,每周在外吃饭次数多是MEP暴露的危险因素(OR=2.663,95%CI:1.587~4.469),打扫频率高是MEP暴露的保护因素(OR=0.314,95%CI:0.133~0.741);使用塑料材质杯子是MBP和MEHP暴露的危险因素(OR=15.873,95%CI:4.902~52.632;OR=5.682,95%CI:1.277~25.641)。[结论]儿童可通过多种途径暴露于PAEs,家庭的不同生活方式和习惯对儿童暴露PAEs有一定影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To explore the exposure levels and influencing factors of phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in primary school children in Harbin.[Methods] Grade 1 pupils(n=100) and grade 5 pupils(n=100) were randomly selected from a primary school in Harbin. They were asked to provide a urine sample and complete a questionnaire on general demographic characteristics, living habits, and growth and development related information. N-hexane extraction plus gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the exposure levels of three PAEs metabolites including monoethyl phthalate(MEP), monobutyl phthalate(MBP), and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(MEHP) in urine samples.[Results] A total of 168 urine samples matched for valid questionnaires were collected. The positive rates of MEP, MBP, and MEHP were 20.83%, 13.69%, and 95.24%, respectively. The positive rate of MBP was lower in the grade 5 children(7.79%) than the grade 1 children(18.68%)(P=0.045) and in the children using other material cups(11.11%) than those using plastic cups(23.81%)(P=0.003). The positive rate of MEP was lower in the children with a weekly house cleaning frequency of once a day(12.96%) than those cleaned once ≥2 days(38.33%)(P=0.000) and in the children with a weekly dinning out frequency < 3 times than those with a weekly frequency ≥3 times(31.48%)(P=0.026). According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, a high weekly dinning out frequency was a risk factor(OR=2.663, 95%CI: 1.587-4.469) and a high weekly house cleaning frequency was a protective factor(OR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.133-0.741) for MEP exposure, and using plastic cups was a risk factor for MBP(OR=15.873, 95%CI: 4.902-52.632) and MEHP(OR=5.682, 95%CI: 1.277-25.641) exposure.[Conclusion] Children can be exposed to PAEs in multiple ways. Different family lifestyles and habits may have impacts on children’s exposure to PAEs.更多还原