【摘要】 目的:探讨化妆品引起皮肤各种不良反应的特征及远期影响。方法:对重庆市第一人民医院皮肤科2008—2015年诊断为化妆品皮肤病的828例患者进行临床回顾性分析,并对部分患者进行可疑化妆品原物斑贴和标准变应原斑贴试验,接诊后至少随访观察6个月。结果:828例患者中以中、青年女性居多,占87.2%。临床表现主要为化妆品接触性皮炎(91.2%),化妆品痤疮(2.4%),化妆品色素异常(1.7%),化妆品毛发损害(0.8%),化妆品甲损害(0.5%)。大部分由保湿类和精华类引起,分别占18.8%和15.2%。420例患者做了可疑化妆品原物斑贴试验,阳性者205例,占总人数48.8%。上述患者还进行了标准变应原斑贴试验,过敏原阳性比率前5位依次为硫酸镍占21.2%,白降汞占14.3%,硫柳汞占12.8%,对苯二胺占10.7%,芳香混合物占7.6%。对420例患者进行了随访,247例(58.8%)经治疗后很快痊愈,仍有26.8%的患者症状难以痊愈或复发。结论:(1)化妆品皮肤病多发生于中、青年女性;最常见类型为化妆品接触性皮炎;标准过敏原斑贴试验阳性者依次为硫酸镍、白降汞、硫柳汞、对苯二胺及芳香混合物等。(2)选择化妆品需谨慎,出现不良反应应立即就医,临床医生对化妆品皮肤病应及时处理,减少远期并发症。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To evaluate adverse reactions to and long-term impacts of cosmetics.Methods:A retrospective clinical analysis was carried out in 828 patients with cosmetic dermatosis from 2008 to 2015 in our hospital.Patch tests of suspected cosmetics and standard allergens were performed in 420 patients.The patients were followed up for over six months.Results:Majority of the patients were young females(87.2%).Clinical manifestations included cosmetic contact dermatitis(91.2%),cosmetic acne(2.4%),pigment abnormalities(1.7%),hair(0.8%) and nail damage(0.5%).Moisturizers and essence cosmetics were the major causes of adverse reactions,accounting for 18.8% and 15.2% respectively.Patch tests were positive for suspected cosmetics(205 cases,48.8%),nickel sulfate(21,2%),ammoniated mercury(14.3%),thimerosal(12.8%),p-phenylenediamine(10.7%),and aromatics(7.6%).During follow-up,58.8% of patients(247/420) were cured by treatments,while 26.8%of patients were not cured,or recurred repeatedly.Conclusions:Cosmetic dermatoses occur frequently in young and middleage women,and cosmetic contact dermatitis is the most common skin disease.Positive rates of patch test arranged in descending order are nickel sulfate,ammoniated mercury,thimerosal,p-phenylenediamine and aromatics.Cosmetics should be carefully chosen.Cosmetic dermatoses should be taken care of by clinicians in time to reduce the complications.更多还原