【摘要】 我国土壤侵蚀类型多样、侵蚀过程复杂,相应的水土保持措施丰富。文章对国内外土壤侵蚀及其阻控研究进行了分析,总结了我国复杂环境下土壤侵蚀理论和实践的研究成果;回顾了我国土壤侵蚀防治由优化坡面措施,到小流域综合整治,再到区域生态经济协同发展与优化布局的演变历程。在此基础上,提出了现阶段治理重心应从遏制面积扩张转向生态功能提升为主,治理手段应从综合治理转向生态调控,变对抗为利用,变控制为调节,寻求土壤侵蚀防治与农业高效生产和环境可持续发展的协同途径,以期为国家生态文明建设提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil erosion is a major agricultural and environmental threat worldwide, with a negative effect on soil fertility, crop production, water quality, and aquatic ecosystem. Controlling erosion is crucial to sustaining agricultural yields and reducing environmental damages. This paper analyzes the studies on soil erosion processes and its conservation practices, and also reviews China’s experience and research progress in past soil and water conservation efforts. Based on the analyses, a proposal is put forward for the prospective studies of erosion mechanisms, a new paradigm of soil conservation, soil water resource management strategies and goals for ecological civilization, designating to provide scientific basis for policies on the national ecological construction.更多还原