【摘要】 模型在科学中是实用的工具,在哲学中是充满争论但又特别重要的主题,阐述清楚基本的概念是避免争论的途径之一。这主要涉及什么是模型以及模型的分类问题。两个问题相互缠结,因时代与研究者的不同而异。像模型方法本身一样"抽离干扰",给模型一个通用的"模型式"概念与分类也是"学以致用"的好方法。在分析基本概念与基本分类后,讨论模型的评价与选择标准这个很少被关注的话题自在情理之中,因为在实际建模过程中如何选择一个好的模型是一个非常重要的环节,需要哲学领域的讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The model is a practical tool in science,and it is a controversial but particularly important subject in philosophy. To elaborate the basic concept is one of the ways to avoid controversy. The basic concept of model is mainly about what the model is and the classification of the model. These two problems are mutually entangled,varying with different times and researchers. Like the model method itself as "out of interference",this is also a good way "to learn model is to use it"which is to give the model a common "model"concept and classification. After providing the basic concepts and basic classifications,it is reasonable to discuss the evaluation and selection criteria of the model,which are rarely concerned with. Because a very important link is how to choose a good model in the actual modeling process,which needs to be discussed in the field of philosophy.更多还原