【摘要】 小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)是为害十字花科蔬菜的一种重要的世界性害虫,由于其分布范围广、繁殖速度快、抗性水平高,已经成为最难防治的害虫之一。基于苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)开发的杀虫剂在小菜蛾生物防治中发挥重要的作用,但小菜蛾作为在田间最早对Bt产生抗性的害虫,其抗性发展及抗性机理也引起了全世界的广泛关注。本文概述了小菜蛾的发生危害及其抗药性的研究动态、苏云金芽胞杆菌的起源、发展及应用,分析了小菜蛾对Bt杀虫毒素产生抗药性及其抗性机理,并从抗性发展风险、转基因油菜种植和进一步深入开展抗性机理的研究三个方面进行了展望,以期为优化小菜蛾抗药性的治理策略、提高生物农药和Bt作物的控害效能提供借鉴和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diamondback moth(DBM), Plutella xylostella, is a worldwide devastating pest of Brassicaceae, and is well known as one of the most difficult pests to control, because of its wide distribution, rapid reproduction, and high resistance to agrochemicals. Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)-based insecticides plays a key role of great importance in bio-control of DBM. DBM is the first pest species that evolves resistance to Bt Cry toxins in outdoor fields, and its resistance development and associated underlying mechanisms have received global attention. This paper first summarizes the global infestation of DBM and previous studies on its insecticide resistance, and elaborates the Bt story of discovery, development and application, and then further analyzes the DBM resistance to Bt toxins and resistance mechanisms. In addition, prospects on risks of resistance development, cultivation of transgenic oilseed crops, as well as further investigation on resistance mechanisms are discussed in some detail, with the hope to provide strategies for development of optimal resistance management and sustainable utility of Bt-based insecticides and Bt-transgenic crops.更多还原