【摘要】 伽玛射线暴(伽玛暴)的探测从其被发现以来,已经获得了大量的伽玛射线观测结果以及多波段的余辉观测结果,但是X射线能区的爆发阶段的瞬时辐射还比较缺乏观测数据.爱因斯坦探针(EP)是软X射线能区(0.5–4 keV)的大视场(1.1 sr)望远镜,为伽玛暴的X射线瞬时辐射的观测带来全新的时间窗口.本文讨论了EP对富X射线辐射的特殊伽玛暴或伽玛暴的特殊辐射成分进行了预期研究,特别是研究了X射线闪、低光度伽玛暴、超长伽玛暴和伽玛暴的先兆辐射.我们发现,EP预期能每年探测到约810个伽玛暴类爆发事件,其中95%为能谱较软的X射线闪,将近1%为典型伽玛暴;EP预期能每年探测到0.2–8个低光度伽玛暴,具体探测率依赖于低光度暴能谱硬度的分布;EP预期每年至少能探测到20–200个超长伽玛暴;EP有望探测到大量的、目前人们非常缺乏了解的伽玛暴先兆辐射,至少每年80个事件.综合这些情况,预计EP将对伽玛暴的分类、前身星特性、爆发机制和喷流特性等方面的研究具有重要意义.更多还原

【Abstract】 Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) were first detected in 1960 s. Since then, GRBs have been observed extensively in gammarays.The afterglows of several hundred GRBs were also detected, providing us with abundant clues for understanding the physics of GRBs. However, X-ray observations of GRBs at the prompt burst phase are still quite lacking. These very early X-ray observations should be very important for probing the activities of GRB central engines. The Einstein Probe,a unique satellite that works mainly in soft X-rays(0.5–4 keV) with a large field of view(1.1 sr), will open up a new window for us to observe the prompt X-ray emission of GRBs. In this article, we review the current status of the studies on some special kinds of GRBs such as those rich in X-rays and those baring special emission components. Especially,we investigate possible contributions of EP to the studies of X-ray flashes(XRFs), low-luminosity GRBs, ultra-long GRBs, and the precursors of GRBs. It is found that:(1) EP is expected to detect about 810 GRB-like events, among which 95% are soft XRFs and only 1% are typical GRBs;(2) EP could detect 0.2–8 low-luminosity GRBs each year(the exact detection rate is strongly dependent on the exact spectral distribution of low luminosity GRBs, which is still largely uncertain currently);(3) EP would detect at least 20–200 ultra-long GRBs each year;(4) EP may be able to detect a lot of GRB precursors(at least 80 events per year), which are still poorly understood. We believe that the EP satellite will lead to encouraging discovers and will deepen our understanding of GRBs in various aspects such as their classifications, their progenitors, the triggering mechanisms and the beaming features, etc. We also note that the EP satellite has great advantages on its wide field of view and good sensitivity, over other similar world-wide instruments. We suggested that the project should be carried out as soon as possible.更多还原