【摘要】 3D打印是一种增材制造技术,经过近几年的发展,在模型建立和设计、打印设备、扫描与监测控制方面已经取得了丰硕的成果。对三维模型的数据获取、三维模型的设计和建立、打印设备和材料等方面进行总结。分析了光学扫描在获取模型数据、三维测量的原理及应用,并研究其在打印过程监测中的应用价值。对三维模型的几何计算、轻量化、静平衡等问题进行总结,说明其在3D打印中的重要作用。总结了目前使用较为广泛的6种3D打印设备,对其工作原理、材料、性能特点进行比较。对3D打印的发展方向进行了展望,提出模型建立和优化、打印过程监测、绿色加工等的发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three dimensional( 3 D) printing is a technology of increasing material manufacturing,and has achieved fruitful results in the model building and design,printing equipment,scanning and monitoring and control,after the development of the past few years. The data acquisition,3 D model design and establishment,printing equipment and materials are summarized. Firstly,the principle and application of optical scanning in acquiring the model data and three dimensional( 3 D) measurement were analyzed,and the application value of the method in the monitoring method of the printing process was studied. Then,the 3 D model of geometric calculation,light weight,static balance and other issues were summarized,explaining its important role in the 3 D printing. Lastly,the 6 types of 3 D printing equipment,which are widely used at present,were compared for their working principles,materials and performance characteristics. The development direction of 3 D printing is forecasted,and the development trend of the model establishment and optimization,the monitoring of printing process and the green processing are put forward.更多还原