【摘要】 目的了解集中式供水卫生状况,为改善我国生活饮用水卫生提供科学依据。方法采用描述性统计方法描述2013-2016年国家卫生监督信息报告系统采集的集中式供水单位不合格情况及2016年集中式供水单位不合格率的时间和空间分布;采用2检验比较不合格率的统计学差异。结果 2013-2016年我国监督检查的集中式供水单位不合格率分别为1.84%、2.73%、2.56%和2.74%。2016年集中式供水单位不同分类亚组的不合格率存在差异,差异均具有统计学意义(均有P<0.001)。乡镇(3.85%)较城市(1.74%)和自建设施(1.33%)不合格率高;中小型(2.40%)比大型(0.94%)不合格率高;气温高(4.52%)和降水量中等(3.73%)或高(2.36%)的地区不合格率高。夏季(2.06%)和秋季(2.60%)、西部(4.80%)和南方(4.01%)不合格率高。结论我国乡镇、中小型及气温高和降水量偏多地区的集中式供水单位不合格率高,且不合格率呈季节和地区间差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To describe the current status of drinking water quality among centralized water supply units in China,so as to provide evidence for improvement of drinking water condition in China. Methods Data were extracted through the National Health Inspection Information System from 2013 to 2016,China Health Statistics Yearbook and China Statistics Yearbook. Descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze the distributions of unqualified centralized water supply units. 2 test were performed to determine the statistically significant difference of the unqualified rate. Results During 2013-2016,the annual unqualified rate of centralized water supply units were 1.84%,2.73%,2.56% and 2.74% in China,respectively. Unqualified rates for each category of centralized water units showed statistically significant difference(all P < 0. 001) in 2016. Unqualified rate of public water supply in rural areas(3. 85%) was higher compared to urban(1.74%) and self-built facilities(1.33%). Unqualified rate in small and medium-sized(2. 40%) water supply units was higher than that in large-sized(0.94%) ones. Areas with high average temperature and annual precipitation had high unqualified rates of centralized water supply units. The unqualified rate was higher in summer(2.06%) and autumn(2.60%). Western regions(4.80%) and southern areas(4.01%) had higher unqualified rate. Conclusion Unqualified rates of centralized water supply units depended largely on seasons and areas. Most unqualified units were small and medium-sized water supply units and located in rural areas.更多还原