【摘要】 为了给小麦抗赤霉病新品种选育和病害控制提供科学依据,对28个河南省大面积种植小麦品种进行了赤霉病抗性鉴定,分析了赤霉病对小麦品质的影响。结果表明,赤霉病病情指数、平均反应级与千粒质量分别呈显著、极显著负相关,在供试的28个小麦品种中,喷雾接种条件下筛选出1个中抗品种、6个中感品种,分别占供试品种的3.57%和21.43%,千粒质量分别下降了4.55%和4.56%~44.76%;单小花滴注接种条件下筛选出1个中抗品种、4个中感品种,分别占供试品种的3.57%和14.29%,千粒质量分别下降了8.50%和5.73%~12.99%。病情指数、平均反应级与容重分别呈极显著、显著负相关,千粒质量与吸水率呈显著或极显著正相关。喷雾接种条件下湿面筋含量、沉降值、延展性、拉伸面积4项指标不同程度下降;单小花滴注条件下蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、稳定时间、延展性和拉伸面积6项指标不同程度下降。GGE双标图分析表明,郑麦9023品质综合指标表现最优。河南省大面积种植小麦品种对赤霉病的整体抗性较差,同时赤霉病会降低感病小麦品质,需要加强抗赤霉病品种的筛选与创育工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to provide a basis for fusarium head blight(FHB) resistance breeding and disease control,the resistance and quality of 28 major wheat cultivars were tested in Henan province. The results showed that there was significant negative correlation between 1 000-grain weight and disease index/average response level. In 28 wheat cultivars tested,one cultivar(3. 57% of those tested) was moderately resistant,six cultivars(21. 43% of those tested) were moderately susceptible to FHB,and the 1 000-grain weight decreased by 4. 55% and 4. 56% —44. 76% respectively under spray inoculation. Similarly,one cultivar(3. 57% of those tested) was moderately resistant,four cultivars(14. 29% of those tested) were moderately susceptible to FHB,and the 1 000-grain weight decreased by 8. 50% and 5. 73% —12. 99%respectively under syring inoculation. There was a significant negative correlation between test weight and disease index/average response level,and a significant positive correlation between 1 000-grain weight and water absorption. Wet gluten content,sedimentation value,extensibility and extension area were decreased at different degree by spray inoculation. Protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,stability time,extensibility and extension were decreased at different degree by syring inoculation. The analysis showed that the optimal cultivar of quality synthetic index was Zhengmai 9023 by GGE biplot. It was noticed that the resistance of major wheat cultivars to FHB was deficient in Henan province,and FHB would decrease the quality of susceptible cultivars. Therefore,it was necessary to strengthen screening and breeding of wheat cultivars with resistance to FHB.更多还原