【摘要】 玉米青贮是全国最受欢迎以及近年来大力推广使用的反刍动物能量和纤维的重要来源,国内外对玉米青贮技术进行了大量的研究,主要着重于玉米青贮的切碎长度、添加剂、密封系统、有害菌及其毒素等方面。本综述提出了以下建议:(1)玉米青贮调制建议:以干物质含量为30%～40%的乳熟期收获的玉米为青贮原料采用揉切处理。在青贮过程中添加商用的布氏乳酸杆菌,可适量添加外源蛋白酶,但纤维素酶添加要根据玉米物候期、青贮容器和动物种类而定,密封材料选择复合聚乙烯聚酰胺阻氧膜。(2)加强管理:避免储存阶段的有氧暴露和减少饲用阶段的有氧暴露;使用时根据动物类型和管理状态决定是否增加玉米青贮比例。(3)玉米青贮研究需要加强的地方:青贮所排放的液体和固体废弃物对土壤、水体和植被的影响及处理技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Corn silage is the most popular and important source of energy and fiber for ruminants. Much research focused on the chopping length, additives, sealing system, harmful bacteria and their toxins, and so forth, has been done on corn silage both at home in China and abroad. Some suggestions were presented in this review:(1) Corn silage modulation: Whole-plant corn harvested at the milk-ripe stage with a dry matter(DM) content of 30%～40% was selected as silage material and treated by rubbing and cutting. In the process of silage, commercial Lactobacillus buchneri was inoculated, exogenous protease added appropriately, cellulose enzyme added depending on the phenological period, the silage container and the species of the animals, and coextruded polyethylene?polyamide oxygen barrier film(OB) selected as the seal material.(2) Strengthening management: Aerobic exposure should be avoided at the storage stage and reduced during the feeding phase. The proportion of corn silage was increased depending on the type of animal and their management.(3) Suggestions for further research: Further studies would be needed for the effects of liquid and solid wastes on soil, water and vegetation, and the treatment of these wastes.更多还原