【摘要】 杂草不仅严重影响农作物产量和品质,同时也会对人工生态景观造成破坏性影响。以茎点霉属(Phoma sp)菌株Hf-01为研究对象,从作物和草坪草的安全性、杂草的敏感性和杂草防治小区试验对该菌株可开发为微生物除草剂的潜力进行了评价。研究结果表明,菌株Hf-01对农作物小麦、玉米、水稻、荞麦和向日葵及草坪草品种草地早熟禾具有较好的安全性;大豆、绿豆、黄瓜和番茄对菌株Hf-01非常敏感。杂草敏感性试验表明,在供试的17种双子叶杂草中仅有藜、小藜、灰绿藜、车前、车轴草和鸡眼草对菌株Hf-01极为敏感;禾本科杂草稗草、狗尾草、金狗尾草和虎尾草对菌株Hf-01表现为不敏感。小区试验结果表明,在适宜的环境湿度条件下,菌株Hf-01对部分双子叶杂草的防效可达80%。接种量试验结果表明,菌株Hf-01对敏感杂草的防除效果表现出显著的剂量效应,用量过低不利于其除草作用的发挥。综上所述,菌株Hf-01具有较好的微生物除草剂开发潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Weeds not only seriously affected crop yield and quality,but also had a damaging effect on artificial ecological landscape.The potential of Phoma sp strain Hf-01 was evaluated for the development of mycoherbicides based on the test of crop and turf grass safety,weeds susceptibility and weed control plot experiment. The results showed that strain Hf-01 had good safety for wheat,maize,rice,buckwheat,sunflower and turf grass variety Kentucky bluegrass,but soybean,mung bean,cucumber and tomato were very sensitive to strain Hf-01. The results of weed susceptibility tests indicated that Chenopodium quinoa,C. serotinum,C. glaucum,Plantago asiatica,Trifolium repens and Kummerowia striata of 17 dicotyledonous weeds tested exhibit high sensitive to the strain Hf-01. Some gramineae weeds including Echinochloa crusgalli,Setaria viridis,S. glauca and Chloris virgata were not sensitive to the strain Hf-01. The results of the plot test showed that the control efficiency of strain Hf-01 on partial dicotyledonous weeds could reach 80% under suitable environment humidity. The result of inoculation volume indicated that the control efficiency of strain Hf-01 on sensitive weeds was significantly dependent on the inoculation volume applied. To summarize,the strain Hf-01 had a good potential for the development of mycoherbicide.更多还原