【摘要】 探索多种菌种降解石油过程中菌种和脂肽生物表面活性剂的作用,筛选石油降解的主要因素及最佳合,并为石油污染物的降解机理研究和石油污染修复提供指导。基于正交实验筛选主要影响因素,采用Box-Behnken实验探讨各因素最佳水平。正交实验中脂肽生物表面活性剂是多菌种降解石油过程中最主要的影响因素,在Box-Behnken实验中,其能显著地影响石油降解率。菌种降解能力是石油饱和烃组分生物降解的最主要影响因素,但脂肽生物表面活性剂是芳烃、胶质和沥青质组分降解的最主要的影响因素。研究所用菌种中,解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）和假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）在石油降解过程最重要,是本实验的石油降解最优菌。菌种和脂肽生物表面活性剂的添加浓度配比对于石油降解具有重要的影响。解淀粉芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌添加量5%,脂肽生物表面活性剂粗品添加量200 mg·L^-1的降解效果最优,理论上,最高降解率可达63.78%,验证降解率达到了53.89%,相对于多菌种正交实验最高降解率提高了5.54%。利用正交实验和Box-Behnken实验筛选最优降解菌和最优菌种组合的方法,具有分析因素多、实验量少等优点,具有较好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study on the effects of strains and surfactin on the multi-strain biodegradation of petroleum could screen the main factors and their best combination, then provide guidelines for determining the petroleum biodegradation mechanisms and remediation of petroleum contaminated media. In this study, based on orthogonal test, surfactin was screened as the main influence factor on the multi-strain degradation of oil. Box-Behnken test was used to explore the optimal level of each factor, and found that surfactin could significantly affect the oil degradation rate. The bacteria species was the main factor affecting the biodegradation of saturated hydrocarbons. However, the biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes was dependent on surfactin. Among 10 species of bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the important performance on oil degradation, and were the best oil degradation bacteria. In addition, the concentration ratio of bacteria and surfactin had an important effect on oil degradation. The optimum oil degradation were achieved at 5% inoculation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginos, and surfactin dosage of 200 mg·L^-1, and the theoretical prediction maximum oil degredation rate could reach 63.78%. The corresponding rate verified by the experiment was 53.89%,which was 5.54% higher than the highest degradation rate based on orthogonal experiments. Therefore, the orthogonal and Box-Behnken experiments could screen and combine the optimum oil-degrading bacteria, which have some advantages of analyzing many factors and conduct a few of experiments, and have a good application prospect.更多还原