【摘要】 为了实现交通事故预防的两种突破:即从群体预防行为到个体预防行为的突破和从事后预防到事前预防的突破,提出交通事故主动预防系统概念,突破传统事故预防的局限性,进一步提升事故预防成效。交通事故主动预防系统是指交通参与者出于自我需求,将正确的交通行为规范渗透到潜意识并自发地执行以防止交通事故发生的应对措施,主体是人(交通参与者),其核心是人的安全意识和安全行为两个维度。从行为学视角依据交通事故与人的交通行为的关联度属性将交通参与者简化为非驾驶群体(行人集群、乘客集群)和驾驶群体(无事故驾驶人集群、事故驾驶人集群),具体对应的主动预防技术分别为:学龄前儿童交通安全认知系统、中小学生交通安全教育互动系统、安全驾驶行为在线训练及矫正系统、危险驾驶体验系统4个技术功能模块,采用DEVS分层递阶建模法,将各子系统模块之间的信息流整合,结合系统模型内部的耦合机制,构建主动预防系统形式化模型,并结合实际典型案例对系统模型进行验证试验,结果证明系统模型的输出结果与实际调查数据基本吻合,该模型可以为实际应用提供一定的指导与参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to achieve 2 breakthroughs in traffic accident prevention,i. e.,the breakthrough from group prevention to individual prevention and the breakthrough from post-prevention to pre-prevention,the concept of active traffic accident prevention system is proposed to break through the limitation of traditional accident prevention and further improve the effectiveness of accident prevention. Active traffic accident prevention system refers to that traffic participants,for their own needs,penetrate the correct traffic behavior norms into their subconscious and spontaneously implement the countermeasures to prevent traffic accidents.The main body is human(traffic participants),and its core is 2 dimensions including human safety consciousness and safety behavior. From the behavioral perspective,traffic participants are simplified as nondriving groups(pedestrian clusters,passenger clusters) and driving groups(accident-free driver clusters,accident driver clusters) according to the attributes of the correlation between traffic accident and human traffic behavior. The specific corresponding active prevention technologies are preschool children’ s trafficsafety cognitive system,primary and secondary school students’ traffic safety education interactive system,safe driving behavior online training and correction system,dangerous driving experience system respectively,and there are 4 technical functional modules for them. By using the DEVS hierarchical modeling method,the information flows among subsystem modules are integrated,and the formal model of active prevention system is constructed based on the coupling mechanism within the system model. The system model is verified by a typical case. The result shows that the output of the system model is basically consistent with the actual survey data. The model can provide some guidance and reference for practical application.更多还原