【摘要】 生物防治技术是青海湖东岸克土沙区的主要治沙措施。文中以青海湖东岸克土沙区植被、风况资料为依据,通过风速、集沙观测和植被调查,结合植被生长势,总体分析了迎风坡坡位不同植被的防风效益和固沙效益。结果表明:1)沙棘沙丘的风速廓线对数递增规律破坏最为明显,即沙棘在低层和中层防风效果最为显著。2)人工治理沙丘迎风坡不同高度的垂向风速增加率表现为"中层(0.5m~2.0m)>高层(2.0m~4.5m)>低层(0.1m~0.5m)",说明人工治理措施明显降低了沙丘近地层的风速,增强了中层风速。3)对比不同植被生长状况及周围自然植被恢复情况,整体防风效益表现为沙蒿>沙棘>乌柳,整体固沙效益表现为沙蒿>乌柳>沙棘;植被固沙效益总体保持在90%以上,与植株高度、冠幅、覆盖度等生长情况差异性较小。4)综合风沙防治效益与植被恢复机制,沙蒿整体防风固沙效益较沙棘、乌柳高,沙棘、乌柳的风沙防治效益也较高,这三种植物均为优良的固沙树种。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biological control technology is the main sand control measure in the east bank of Qinghai lake. Based on the vegetation and wind data of the east bank of Qinghai lake,the wind speed,sand collection observation and vegetation survey,combined with the vegetation growth,the wind protection and sand fixation benefit of different vegetation on windward slope were analyzed. The results shows: 1) The logarithmic increment rule of the wind speed profile of the H. rhamnoides dune is the most obvious,that is,the effect of H. rhamnoides is the most remarkable in the low and middle wind. 2) The vertical wind speed increase rate in different parts of artificial sand dune appears the law of " middle level( 1. 0 m ~ 2. 0 m) > high level( 3. 0 ~ 4. 5 m) > low level( 0. 1 m~ 0. 5 m) ". It shows that the artificial control measures obviously reduce the wind speed of the sand dunes near the formation,and enhance the middle wind speed. 3) Comparing the growth status of different vegetation and the restoration of natural vegetation around them,the windbreak benefit is: Artemisia desertorum > Hippophae rhamnoides > Salix cheilophila. Overall sand-fixing benefit: Artemisia desertorum > Salix cheilophila > Hippophae rhamnoides. The total benefit of vegetation is more than 90 %,and the difference of plant height,crown width and coverage is small. 4) Integrating the windbreak and sand fixation benefit and vegetation restoration mechanism,the total comprehensive sandstorm prevention and control benefit of Arterial desertorum is better than that of Hippophae rhamnoides and Salix cheilophila. The control benefit of Hippophae rhamnoides and Salix cheilophila is also higher,Hippophae rhamnoides,Arterial desertorum,and Salix cheilophilaare are also the adaptive species in controlling alpine desertification.更多还原