【摘要】 基于通辽市丰田灌溉试验站3年野外实测试验,对该地区干旱年份玉米需水规律开展研究,结果表明:研究区干旱年份玉米拔节期与抽雄期耗水量占玉米整个生育期的50%以上,耗水强度依次表现为抽雄期>拔节期>灌浆期>苗期,各生育阶段日耗水强度介于0.79⁶.50 mm·d^-1之间;玉米干旱年份苗期、拔节期水分胁迫处理减产率较小,均未达到显著水平,抽雄期水分胁迫造成的减产量最大,多年平均达10%以上。干旱年份随着玉米耗水量的增加,产量持续增加,而水分生产率先升后降,合理的水分胁迫有利于提高干旱年份水资源的利用效率;同时通过数学模型与动态规划,提出了干旱年份玉米不同灌溉定额条件下的非充分优化灌溉制度,干旱年份应首先保证玉米抽雄期、灌浆期各灌水1次的要求,每次灌水约600 m3·hm-2。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to highly utilize the limited water resources of eastern Inner Mongolia in drought years,a three-year( 2009—2011) test was carried out in Tongliao city Korqin district to analyze the law of water requirement of maize in drought years. The results showed that the water consumption was high at elongation stage and tasseling stage and low in seedling stage and postulation stage. Furthermore,the water consumption of elongation stage and tasseling stage accounts for more than half of that during the whole growth period of maize. The water consumption intensity was diminishing in the order of tasseling,elongation,postulation and seedling. A reduction in yield was caused by different water stress for each growth period of maize in a certain range. The yield reduction by low irrigation at tasseling stage was the most serious. Water productivity and yield was not corresponding to the requirement of water consumption. The productivity of water resources could be enhanced by the effective water stress. At the same time,the insufficient irrigation in drought years under different irrigation quota of corn is emphasized by this study.更多还原