【摘要】 【目的】研究复新河流域氮磷营养物流失及入河负荷与用地类型的关系。【方法】利用1996—2009年河道径流、水质资料,率定和验证SWAT模型在复新河流域应用的适用性,研究了用地类型变化对流域氮、磷流失和入河负荷的影响。【结果】(1)复新河流域TN单位流失量是水浇地>旱地>养殖场,范围在13.8~15.1 kg/(hm2·a);TP单位流失量是城市>水浇地>旱地,范围在0.32~0.51 kg/(hm2·a);(2)养殖场的面积仅为水浇地的1/33,对流域TN、TP流失的贡献率却与水浇地相当;(3)复新河流域TN、TP的入河系数为3%和19%,天然林的存在可使氮、磷入河系数减少16.9%和0.59%,与旱地和水浇地的氮、磷入河系数相比,减少有限。【结论】单纯从景观格局控制流域非点源污染的效果是有限的,严格的氮、磷输入控制才是改善流域水环境的关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus threatens the Fuxin River Basin and the purpose of this paper is to analyze the pollution.【Method】We used the SWAT model by calibrating and verifying it against measured runoff and water quality data from 1996 to 2009. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as pollution load caused by farmland, livestock, orchard, and urban and rural areas were calculated under different land usages.【Resuls】The total nitrogen and phosphorous load was 13.8~15.1 kg/(hm2· a)and 0.32~0.51 kg/(hm2· a)respectively. The mass of the total nitrogen loss decreased in the order of irrigation land>dryland>livestock, while the mass of the total phosphorus loss decreased in the order of urban area>irrigation land>dryland. The livestock, accounting for only 1/33 of the orchard area, leached almost the same nitrogen and phosphorus as the irrigatied area. Of the total lost nitrogen and phosphorus, approximately 3% and 19% respectively entered the river, and 16.9% and 0.59% respectively were absorbed and retained by the forest. The retention time of the nitrogen and phosphorous in the forest was shorter than their lost rate from the dryland and irrigated land to the river.【Conclusios】Constructing vegetation filtering strips to halt nitrogen and phosphorus loss has only limited effect, and improving management to reduce their anthropogenic input into the basin is the key to control non-point source pollution.更多还原