Gravel layers were drilled at IODP 367 Site U1499 in northern South China Sea. A variety of possible genetic mechanism for gravel layers,which are incorrect or uncertain predictions from observations in geophysical data in advance, have been proposed through the lithostratigraphic units in the cored sediment at site U1499. Using tectonostratigraphy and sediment-filling dynamics, this study restores the paleo-geomorphology during the gravel layers sedimentation period based on a high-resolution seismic datab...