【摘要】 为了揭示植物花的空间布局与开花动态的调节机制以及避免同株异花传粉的生态学策略,该研究对铁破锣[Beesia calthifolia (Maxim.)Ulbr.]花序形态结构、开花动态和传粉生物学进行了观察分析。结果表明:(1)铁破锣花序结构设计巧妙,由3朵花组成一个聚伞花序单元并依次排列在主花序轴上,且花序轴上聚伞花序之间距离较远。(2)铁破锣通过单个聚伞花序顶花先开,通常只有6～8朵聚伞花序的顶花同时开放,而且总状花序从基部到顶部逐次开放,从而使得大量聚集单花的花序达到尽量少开花。(3)铁破锣花白色,花粉是访花昆虫的仅有诱物,纤细巴蚜蝇(Baccha maculata)是铁破锣的主要传粉昆虫,这种昆虫能够以花丝为着力点取食花粉,通常在一个花序上取食一朵单花后很快飞向另外一个花序的花。研究认为,铁破锣花序的空间设计和开花的时间序列动态减少了昆虫访问同株异花的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 To reveal the regulation mechanism of spatial arrangement and flowering dynamics of plant flowers and the ecological strategy of avoiding geitonogamy,we observed and analyzed the morphological structure,flowering dynamics and pollination biology of the inflorescence of Beesia calthifolia(Maxim.)Ulbr.The results show:(1)the structure of inflorescence of B.calthifoliais elaboration and there are units of cyme composed of three flowers arranged in sequence on the main inflorescence axis.The long distance between the units is not suitable for insects foraging by crawling.(2)The racemes of B.calthifoliaopening one by one from the base to the top and the top flowers on a single cyme opening first(usually the top6-8 cymes open at the same time)prevent blooming of a large number of single-flowered inflorescences as far as possible.(3)Flower is white and its pollen is the only attractant for pollinators.As the most important pollinating insect of B.calthifolia,Baccha maculatacan forage pollen by selecting filaments as force point.After foraging a single flower in one inflorescence,they turn to another inflorescence soon.There-fore,the space design and flowering time dynamics of inflorescence of B.calthifoliacan reduce the frequency of insect visiting different flowers on one plant as low as possible.更多还原