【摘要】 介绍了目前金属增材制造的工艺技术状况,包括:粉末床熔融、能量直接沉积、薄片叠层制造、金属熔融三维直写、粘结剂喷射成形、液体金属挤出成形及激光+热丝复合工艺等。同时,提出并分析了金属增材制造面临的主要问题,如:制件质量缺陷,可能存在致密性不高、精度较低和粗糙度值较大、产生变形和裂纹等问题,在工艺过程中可能出现球化等造成工艺不稳定的问题;效率太低,成形一个零件动辄需要十小时以上;成本太高,原材料比铸造、锻压所用的原材料价格高出10倍以上,机器设备目前还很贵,成形效率低也导致成本升高。因此,必须研发全新的金属增材制造工艺,才能更好地推广应用金属增材制造技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays,there exist a variety of metal additive manufacturing processes,such as powder-bed fusion,directed energy deposition,laminated object manufacturing(LOM),direct writing,powder bed and inkjet 3D printing(3DP),ultrasonic additive manufacturing(UAM),syringe needle extrusion and laser + hot wire hybrid deposition. Problems of metal additive manufacturing are analyzed and listed as:defects in the parts including low compactness,inaccuracy,rough surface,deformation,cracks and unsteadiness of quality due to balling during procedure,low efficiency with more than 10 hours to form a part,high cost due to price of the law material 10 times higher than that for casting or forging,expense machines and low efficiency. Therefore,only if novel processes of metal additive manufacturing are developed,metal additive manufacturing may be prevail in industry.更多还原