【摘要】 在归纳和总结金属化炸药研究基础上,以HMX为基,加入氧化剂AP、B/Al复合粉和聚氨酯粘结剂,设计和制备含硼铝炸药。用扫描电镜观测了B粉、Al粉及B/Al复合粉的外观形貌,获得各种尺度下的扫描照片;测试了含硼铝炸药的机械感度、电火花感度和雷管起爆感度,了解金属化炸药对各种外界能量刺激的安全性;对制备的Φ50 mm含硼铝炸药柱,用弹簧探针法测试爆速,分别用经验公式和相对凹坑深度法计算爆压,讨论了B/Al复合粉含量对其爆轰性能的影响。结果表明,B/Al复合粉中,球形Al粉的表面有许多小颗粒的硼粉。含硼铝炸药的机械感度较高,使用钝化HMX和AP后感度明显降低,添加聚氨酯粘结剂后感度进一步下降。PF-1、PF-2和PF-3炸药用真空振动浇注成型,Φ50×110 mm炸药柱密度约1.693 g·cm-3,爆速在7.800~8.000 mm·μs-1之间,爆压约24 GPa。PF-3炸药中含20%质量比1∶1的B/Al复合粉,含硼铝炸药的组合效应使少量B/Al复合粉在反应区参加反应,与其他炸药相比,其爆速和爆压值较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on research foundation of classification and summary in metalized explosive,a new HMX based metalized explosive formulation containing B and Al powder,oxidizer AP,polyurethane binder was designed and prepared. The morphology of B,Al and B/Al compound powder was observed by SEM and the SEM images at different sizes were obtained. The impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,cap initiation sensitivity,ignition and propagation properties were measured,which made a fully acknowledge of the safety of metalized explosive under different external energy stimuli and the ability of detonation propagation. The spring electric pin method was applied to measure detonationvelocities of prepared Φ50 mm explosive cylinders containing B/Al. The detonation pressures were calculated by the experienced formula and relative dent depth method respectively,the influence of B/Al compound powder content on detonation property was discussed. The results show that there are many little amorphous flake B powder on the surface of Al powder for the B/Al compound powder. The mechanical sensitivity of metalized explosive is higher,while the mechanical sensitivity is obviously lowered by adding desensitized HMX and AP,and it can be further lowered by adding polyurethane binder. While the explosives PF-1,PF-2 and PF-3 are solidified by void vibration casting,the densities of Φ50 mm explosive cylinders are about 1. 693 g·cm-3,the detonation velocities are between 7. 800 ~ 8. 000 mm·μs-1,and the detonation pressures are about 24 GPa. The explosive PF-3 with B/Al compound powder weight rate of1∶ 1 and content of 20%,the combination effect of metalized explosive leads a little of B/Al compound powder to take reaction in reaction area, comparing to other formulas, the detonation velocity and detonation pressure of explosive are higher.更多还原