【摘要】 以文冠果为试材,采用实际调查与取样相结合的方法,研究了新疆石河子地区文冠果开花物候期及果实发育特征规律,以期为文冠果栽培提供基础数据。结果表明:文冠果为先叶后花,花期在4月下旬至5月上旬,约15d左右。其花为杂性花,两性花(可孕花)与雄花(不孕花)同株,果实成熟期在7月中下旬,落叶期在10月中下旬。文冠果果实生长发育历经约2个多月,生长发育主要在花期后的60d内。整个发育期内横径发育速度一直大于纵径,但从纵、横径大小的绝对值来看,文冠果果实在生长发育的前期一直是横径小于纵径,到后期横径逐渐接近纵径。坐果数和坐果率的变异系数均非常大,分别为45.30%和32.90%,群体平均坐果率仅为16.25%,个体间差别较大。通过对各开花坐果性状间的相关性分析可知,可孕花数与花朵密度、坐果数和坐果率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),花序长与花朵密度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),坐果数与坐果率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,the flowering phonological phase and the fruit development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge were studied and the combination of actual survey with sampling in Shihezi in Xinjiang,in order to provide the basis for the cultivation of X.sorbifolia Bunge.The results showed that X.sorbifolia Bunge blooms after its leaves came out,flowering phase from late April to early May,about fifteen days.The superior individual had bisexual flower and infertility flower(male flower),fruit mature period was in late July,and leaf fall period was in late October.X.sorbifolia Bunge fruit needed about more than two months from developing to ripening,and its development and growth stage was in the 60 days after flowering.During the whole growth process,fruit transverse diameter grew always faster than fruit longitudinal diameter,but from the absolute value of transverse diameter or longitudinal diameter,the early growth process of fruit of X.sorbifolia Bunge was fruit transverse diameter less than fruit longitudinal diameter,and the late the two values were get closer.The coefficient of variation of fruit setting number and fruit setting rate were very big,it was 45.30%and 32.90%respectively,the average of fruit setting rate were only 16.25%,there were big difference between the individuals.According to the correlation analysis of flowering and fruit-bearing,the number of fertile flower and the density of flowers,the fruit setting number and fruit setting rate had a significantly positive correlation(P<0.05),the length of inflorescence and the density of flower had a significantly negative correlation(P<0.05),the fruit setting number and fruit setting rate had a significantly positive correlation(P<0.01).更多还原