【摘要】 以"美早""早大果"和"斯坦拉"甜樱桃为试材,分别于自花、异花授粉后不同时间(27、51、75、99h)切取花柱,通过荧光压片法观察各授粉组合的花粉原位萌发及花粉管生长情况,以期为研究甜樱桃授粉机理提供依据。结果表明:3个甜樱桃品种的花粉均能在自花或异花柱头上萌发,且于授粉27h后趋于稳定,不同授粉组合间花粉萌发量只在数量上表现出差异,其结果并不会影响坐果率。在花粉管生长情况上,不同授粉组合表现出显著差异。授粉后51~99h,亲和花粉管不断向花柱基部延伸,进入子房;而不亲和花粉管在花柱中上部受到抑制,停止生长。同为自花授粉,"斯坦拉"自交的花粉管能够到达花柱基部,表现为自交亲和;而"美早"和"早大果"自交则表现为极强的不亲和性。异花授粉中,"斯坦拉"与"美早"和"早大果"均表现为亲和性较好。综上所述,"斯坦拉"无论是自花还是异花授粉,花粉管均能到达花柱基部,完成受精,是较为理想的授粉树。而"美早"和"早大果"只有在异花授粉时花粉管才能到达花柱基部,而自花授粉的花粉管在花柱中上部已停止生长,故在实际生产中需配置授粉树。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three sweet cherry varieties,‘Tieton’‘Крупноплодная’and‘Stella’,were used as materials,the styles were obtained after self-pollination and cross-pollination at different times(27,51,75,99hours).Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed with fluorescence microscope after fixed in FAA and coloration,in order to supple reference for sweet cherry pollination mechanism study.The results showed that three sweet cherry varieties in both self-pollination and crosspollination would be germinated,and stabilized at 27hours after pollination.The amount of pollen germination only had difference in quantity between different pollination groups,and it would not affect the fruit setting rate.Different pollination groups had significant difference in pollen tubes growth.The pollen tubes which behaved compatibility could reach the style bottom and into the ovary at 51-99hours after pollination,while the pollen tubes which behaved incompatibility stopped at the upper or middle of the style.It showed that‘Tieton’and‘Крупноплодная’had significant incompatibility with self-pollination,while‘Stella’had compatibility with self-pollination.In crosspollination,three sweet cherry varieties all behaved preferable compatibility.In conclusion,pollen tube of‘Stella’could reach the style bottom to complete fertilization whether in self-pollination or crosspollination,it was ideal pollination tree.However,pollen tube of‘Tieton’and‘Крупноплодная’could reach the style bottom only in cross-pollination and stopped to grow in middle-upper part of style in self-pollination,so they need pollination tree in actual production.更多还原