【摘要】 黄淮海平原由于连年旋耕导致犁底层加厚上移、耕层变浅、耕层生产能力下降,针对该问题,本试验于山东省德州市黄河涯村设置耕层厚度15 cm(RT15)、耕层厚度20 cm(DL20)、耕层厚度25 cm(DL25)、耕层厚度40 cm(DL40)4个处理,研究大田条件下耕层厚度对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:适当破除犁底层增加耕层厚度,小麦基本苗、单位面积穗数、株高、净光合速率、产量均随耕层厚度的增加而呈增加趋势;DL25处理各指标达到最大,其小麦产量较DL40、DL20、RT15分别提高16.3%、10.1%、22.5%;但将耕层厚度增加到40 cm,即完全破除犁底层后,并不利于产量等指标的进一步提升,甚至有小幅降低。因此,在目前黄淮海平原农田耕作方式、耕层结构条件下,耕层变浅、犁底层加厚上移阻碍小麦生长,将犁底层破除10cm、使耕层厚度增至25 cm,更有利于小麦产量的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Annual rotary tillage has created a compacted plow pan and shallow arable layer which hampers the high crop yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain region.In order to explore the effects of breaking plow pan by different degrees on agronomic traits and yield of winter wheat,the field experiments were conducted in Dezhou City of Shandong Province during 2014.Four topsoil treatments were conducted including the original thickness(RT15),20 cm of thickness,25 cm of thickness,and 40 cm of thickness.The results showed that the basic seedling number,spike number per unit area,plant height,net photosynthetic rate and yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of topsoil thickness.All the above indexes of DL25 were the highest and its yield increased by 16.3%,10.1%,22.5% compared with DL40,DL20 and RT15 respectively.But the indexes mentioned above decreased slightly when breaking the plow pan thoroughly.In summary,the original topsoil thickness hindered the crop growth under the present situation of the cultivated layer structure in the Northern Region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Comprehensively considering the economic benefits and environmental benefits,increasing the topsoil thickness to 25 cm by breaking 10 cm of plow pan is more benefit for increasing the winter wheat yield.更多还原