【摘要】 在诸多海洋重金属污染问题中,汞污染因低剂量、强毒性而备受瞩目,其在水中的形态多样,且可相互转化,使得汞污染十分复杂,给预防和治理带来了一定的难度。水生生物是重金属通过食物链传递到人类的一个重要途径,双壳贝类营底栖滤食性生活,移动性差,易受到重金属污染的影响,适合作为汞污染的指示生物。文章综述了近年来重金属汞在双壳贝类中的毒性研究进展,包括汞的基本毒性、汞的形态转化特征及汞在双壳贝类中的吸收、累积效应,汞对双壳贝类酶活性的影响与对活性氧自由基的调控,以及双壳贝类在代谢、基因表达水平上对汞胁迫的响应,并且对双壳贝类中汞毒性的研究方向进行展望,以期为汞污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mercury pollution has attracted much attention in marine pollution problems because of its strong toxicity in the low dosages. Mercury has a variety of forms in water,and its mutual transformation make mercury pollution complicated and bring some difficulties in prevention and treatment. Aquatic organism is an important way to transport heavy metals to human through the food chain. Bivalve molluscs have a life of bottom-dwelling and filter-feeding with poor mobility,and are susceptible to heavy metal pollution,which decide that they are suitable to be used as indicator organism for mercury pollution. In this paper,we reviewed the research progress of the mercury toxicity on marine bivalves,including the main toxicity,speciation transformation characteristics and the absorption and accumulation of mercury in bivalves. The review also included the effects of mercury on enzyme activity and the regulation of active oxygen free radicals in bivalves,and the responses of bivalves to mercury in the metabolic and gene expression levels. The research direction in mercury toxicity on marine bivalves was also forecasted. It was expected to provide references for further mercury pollution control.更多还原